Polinizadores de Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidales: Lecythidaceae): interações com abelhas sem ferrão (Apidae: Meliponini) e nicho trófico

Santos, Charles Fernando dos; Absy, Maria Lúcia

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2010000600002

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Many authors suggested that pollinators optimize their foraging behavior in terms of energetic costs (e.g., Zimmerman 1988;Kearns et al 1998). In a previous study conducted within a plantation of B. excelsa on the Aruanã farm, in Amazonas, large bees visited flowers mainly between 5 to 10 a.m. (Santos and Absy 2010) as also found in the present study. Thus, pollinating bees seem to forage in flowers of Brazil nut optimizing the energetic costs because they are visiting flowers during morning hours, period when most nectar is secreted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast, comparatively smaller species belonging to the genera Eufriesea , Epicharis , and Xylocopa with shorter glossas need to penetrate deep the flower to reach the nectar. Considering their abundance, frequency of visits per flower, and foraging behavior, Eulaema mocsaryi (Euglossini) and Xylocopa frontalis (Xylocopini) are most likely the two main pollinators of the Brazil nut flowers in agricultural areas of Amazonas state, corroborating Cavalcante et al (2012) and Santos and Absy (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Nectar production dynamics and daily pattern of pollinator visits in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) plantations in Central Amazon: implications for fruit production

et al. 2018

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We investigated composition and secretion patterns of nectar in the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) and visitation patterns and glossa length of the main flower visitors along the anthesis, aiming to understand the implications for pollination and fruit production. Nectar sugar composition was dominated by sucrose and nectar secretion was continuous until 15:30 h, although flowers secreted, respectively, almost 50 and 80% of the total nectar volume and solutes in the hours immediately following flower opening, which coincides with peak flower visitation by bees. We observed a total of 19 bee species visiting the flowers to collect nectar throughout the day that can be considered pollinators. The three most abundant bee species were Xylocopa frontalis , Eufriesea flaviventris , and Eulaema mocsaryi that accounted for about 90% of the visits. In open flowers, nectar was generally scarce, encouraging bees to move among trees, and likely increasing xenogamous pollen transfer in natural habitats. However, in the large-scale Brazil nut tree plantation studied here, where genetically identical (clone) individuals are planted together in high densities, even where bees move between trees, they seem to promote functional geitonogamy, determining pollen limitation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Nectar production dynamics and daily pattern of pollinator visits in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) plantations in Central Amazon: implications for fruit production

et al. 2018

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“…The territorial behavior of Trigona species represents a very common defense strategy among social insects (Nieh et al 2005) and has been reported in other studies involving species of Lecythidaceae (Santos & Absy 2010;Potascheff et al 2013) as well as other tropical families (in which those bees were classified as robbers) (Roubik 1982). Interestingly, resource pillaging by melipona bees, as well as their aggressive behavior, have both been evaluated as positive factors in some studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The influence of El Niño and edge effects on the reproductive phenology and floral visitors of Eschweilera tetrapetala Mori (Lecythidaceae), an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

2017

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We compared the reproductive phenology and fl oral visitors of Eschweilera tetrapetala growing along the edge and in the interior of a submontane forest in the Chapada Diamantina mountains, Bahia State, Brazil. We sought to determine if there were inter-annual diff erences in intensity and seasonality associated with environmental conditions, and if there were diff erences in fl oral visitors between the two environmental contexts. Phenological observations were performed for three years, and included the occurrence of an El Niño event. We applied circular statistics to detect seasonal trends, performed cross correlations between phenophases and climate, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for inter-annual variation, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for edge-interior diff erences in the species richness of fl oral visitors. We observed inter-annual variations in the intensity and seasonality of fl ower production that accompanied variations in rainfall, possibly associated with El Niño events. Floral visitor richness diff ered between the forest edge and interior, with seven species recorded for the interior and only one for the edge. Reduced fruit set was also observed at the forest edge. Th is study contributes to our understanding of the infl uence of El Niño and edge eff ects on the reproductive phenologies of tropical plants.

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“…This similarity pattern between geographically closer individuals possibly stems from behavior of pollinating bees. The main pollinators of Brazil-nut trees are bees of the genera Xylocuspoda and Eulaema (Maués, 2002;Santos and Absy, 2010), which can fly over distances greater than 20 km (Janzen, 1971). Although medium-and large-sized bees can visit several trees per day and overfly long distances, they normally graze in more restricted areas when there is abundance of flowered trees, which favors pollen dispersion in short distances (Janzen, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Article Genetic diversity of Brazil-nut populations naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil

Vieira¹,

Rossi²,

Pena³

et al. 2019

Genet. Mol. Res.

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Brazil nut is a native Amazon species of high commercial value classified as vulnerable in terms of extinction risk due to marked illegal-burning activity and agricultural-frontier expansion processes occurring in the region. This study was undertaken to analyze the genetic diversity within and between two natural Brazil-nut populations occurring spontaneously in the Southern Amazon region spaced 50 km apart, both of which were located in the municipality of Alta Floresta, northern Mato Grosso state, Brazil. These are rural areas and samples were from native forest patches. Leaf samples were collected from 86 plants from distinct areas; 36 were from population AGRO (Agrocondor II Farm, geographic coordinates 55º30' W and 9º00' S) and 50 from population CAR (Carolina Farm, geographic coordinates 57º00' W and 11º00' S). A molecular-diversity study was conducted using 11 microsatellite loci developed for the species. To determine the level of genetic diversity between and within subpopulations, we applied principal coordinate analysis, analysis of molecular variance, observed and expected heterozygosity, polymorphic information ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (2): gmr18174 F.S. Vieira et al. 2 content (PIC), UPGMA-based clustering, and Bayesian inference structuring. Seventy alleles were found with the SSR markers, with an average PIC of 0.72. Average Ho and He were 0.43 and 0.82, respectively. AMOVA revealed that 81% of the variability is within populations, as found in other studies of Brazil-nut in the states of Pará, Acre and Amazonas. The dendrogram obtained by the UPGMA method and the clustering provided by Bayesian inference resulted in two and four groups formed, respectively. All 36 individuals of the AGRO population were allocated in Group I, and the 50 individuals of population CAR were allocated in Groups II, III, and IV. The two subpopulations have sufficient genetic variability for the composition of an in situ germplasm bank that can be used in breeding programs and in programs for the conservation of the species.

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Polinizadores de Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidales: Lecythidaceae): interações com abelhas sem ferrão (Apidae: Meliponini) e nicho trófico

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Nectar production dynamics and daily pattern of pollinator visits in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) plantations in Central Amazon: implications for fruit production

Nectar production dynamics and daily pattern of pollinator visits in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) plantations in Central Amazon: implications for fruit production

The influence of El Niño and edge effects on the reproductive phenology and floral visitors of Eschweilera tetrapetala Mori (Lecythidaceae), an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil

Research Article Genetic diversity of Brazil-nut populations naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil

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