Poliovirus seroprevalence before and after interruption of poliovirus transmission in Kano State, Nigeria

Iliyasu, Zubairu; Verma, H. K.; Craig, Kehinde; Nwaze, Eric; Ahmad-Shehu, Amina; Jibir, Binta W.; Gwarzo, Garba Dayyabu; Gajida, Auwalu U.; Weldon, William C.; Oberste, M. Steven; Takane, Marina; Mkanda, Pascal; Muhammad, Ado J. G.; Sutter, Roland W.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.058

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the multivariable analysis, there were no demographic or nutritional risk factors demonstrating a significant association with seroprevalence in either Borno or Yobe. The lack of association between demographic factors, particularly maternal or paternal education, contrasts with previous seroprevalence surveys in Northern Nigeria, Egypt and India [ 5 , 6 , 8 , 19 ]. The relationship for nutritional status is consistent with the seroprevalence surveys in Northern Nigeria, despite evidence that malnutrition and concurrent enteric infections may inhibit OPV replication and immune response in immunised children [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition to the positive impact of RI OPV doses on seropositivity, one dose of IPV in RI demonstrated a significant impact on both seroprevalence and anti-polio neutralizing antibodies of serotypes 1 and 3; a similar trend was observed for serotype 2; however, it was not statistically significant. The association between RI OPV doses and seropositivity has been consistently demonstrated across poliovirus serotypes in seroprevalence surveys in Northern Nigeria [ 5 , 6 ]. This evidence supports the impact of a strong RI system in protecting children from poliomyelitis and the added benefit of an IPV dose through RI services on immune protection from paralysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the utility of seroprevalence data in guiding program interventions, as demonstrated in other endemic states [ 5 – 7 ] and countries [ 8 – 10 ], and the importance of North-Eastern Nigeria in securing a polio-free world, the Nigeria Expert Review Committee (ERC) for polio eradication recommended a polio seroprevalence survey to be conducted in the region. Here, we present the results of a health facility-based seroprevalence survey conducted in children aged 6–9 and 36–47 months of age in Borno and Yobe states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of poliovirus antibodies in Borno and Yobe States, North-Eastern Nigeria

et al. 2017

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BackgroundNigeria remains one of only three polio-endemic countries in the world. In 2016, after an absence of 2 years, wild poliovirus serotype 1 was again detected in North-Eastern Nigeria. To better guide programmatic action, we assessed the immunity status of infants and children in Borno and Yobe states, and evaluated the impact of recently introduced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) on antibody seroprevalence.Methods and findingsWe conducted a facility-based study of seroprevalence to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 among health-seeking patients in two sites each of Borno and Yobe States. Enrolment was conducted amongst children 6–9 and 36–47 months of age attending the paediatrics outpatient department of the selected hospitals in the two states between 11 January and 5 February 2016. Detailed demographic and immunization history of the child was taken and an assessment of the child’s health and nutritional state was conducted via physical examination. Blood was collected to test for levels of neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes. The seroprevalence in the two age groups, potential determinants of seropositivity and the impact of one dose of IPV on humoral immunity were assessed. A total of 583 subjects were enrolled and provided sufficient quantities of serum for testing. Among 6-9-month-old infants, the seroprevalence was 81% (74–87%), 86% (79–91%), and 72% (65–79%) in Borno State, and 75% (67–81%), 74% (66–81%) and 69% (61–76%) in Yobe States, for serotypes-1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among children aged 36–47 months, the seroprevalence was >90% in both states for all three serotypes, with the exception of type 3 seroprevalence in Borno [87% (80–91%)]. Median reciprocal anti-polio neutralizing antibody titers were consistently >900 for serotypes 1 and 2 across age groups and states; with lower estimates for serotype 3, particularly in Borno. IPV received in routine immunization was found to be a significant determinant of seropositivity and anti-polio neutralizing antibodies among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 3, but demonstrated a non-significant positive association for serotype 2. Children receiving IPV through SIAs demonstrated significantly higher anti-polio neutralizing antibodies for serotypes 1 and 3.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence to poliovirus remains suboptimal in both Borno and Yobe States in Nigeria. The low seroprevalence facilitated the continued transmission of both wild serotype 1 and serotype 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus detected in Borno State in 2016. Further efforts are necessary to improve the immunity status of these populations to ensure sufficient population immunity to interrupt transmission.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of poliovirus antibodies in Borno and Yobe States, North-Eastern Nigeria

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“…Surveys of seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies have been carried out in many countries as a tool for program performance evaluation and to assess population immunity in targeted age groups and areas of high risk for poliovirus transmission [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] . In Afghanistan, the polio eradication program has focused on conducting immunization campaigns; in the year preceding this survey (June 2016-June 2017), there had been 12 campaigns targeting children below 5 years of age with bOPV; and one campaign in Kandahar with IPV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies in children from polio high risk area of Afghanistan: A cross sectional survey 2017

Hussain

Mach

Hamid³

et al. 2018

Vaccine

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“…Seroprevalence surveys have been used as a tool to evaluate polio program performance and to identify population immunity gaps. They have been routinely carried out in Nigeria, India, Pakistan and other areas [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and led to changes in polio eradication strategies in these countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in high risk areas for vaccine derived poliovirus transmission in Madagascar

Razafindratsimandresy

Mach

Heraud

et al. 2018

Heliyon

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BackgroundVaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV) outbreaks typically occur in areas of low poliovirus immunity. Madagascar successfully eradicated wild poliovirus in 1997; however, multiple VDPV outbreaks have occurred since then, and numerous vaccination campaigns have been carried out to control the VDPV outbreaks. We conducted a survey of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies among Malagasy children to assess performance of vaccination campaigns and estimate the risk of future VDPV outbreaks.MethodsThis was a random community survey in children aged 6–11 months, 36–59 months and 5–14 years of age in high risk areas of Madagascar (Mahajanga, Toliara, Antsalova, and Midongy-atsimo); and in a reference area (Antananarivo). After obtaining informed consent, basic demographic and vaccination history, 2 mL of peripheral blood were collected. Neutralizing antibodies against all three poliovirus serotypes were detected by using a standard microneutralization assay.ResultsThere were 1500 children enrolled and 1496 (>99%) provided sufficient quantity of blood for analysis. Seroprevalence for poliovirus type 1 (PV1) was >90% in all age groups and study areas. PV2 seroprevalence ranged between 75–100%; it was lowest in the youngest age group in Midongy and Toliara. PV3 seroprevalence ranged between 79–100%. Seroprevalence in the reference area was not significantly different from polio high risk sites.DiscussionMadagascar achieved high population immunity. In order to preserve these gains, routine immunization needs to be strengthened. Currently, the risk of new VDPV emergences in Madagascar appears low.

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Poliovirus seroprevalence before and after interruption of poliovirus transmission in Kano State, Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Survey of poliovirus antibodies in Borno and Yobe States, North-Eastern Nigeria

Survey of poliovirus antibodies in Borno and Yobe States, North-Eastern Nigeria

Seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies in children from polio high risk area of Afghanistan: A cross sectional survey 2017

Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in high risk areas for vaccine derived poliovirus transmission in Madagascar

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