Poliovirus Studies during the Endgame of the Polio Eradication Program

Arita, Minetaro

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.356

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The most well-known enterovirus, poliovirus, was one of the most horrible pathogens that caused poliomyelitis in last century, affecting numerous of children each year, with 1%-2% of the infected patients showing lifelong paralysis sequelae [60]. Luckily, since the launch of "Global Polio Eradication Initiative" initiated by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988, global incidence of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus infection has been dramatically reduced to nearly 1%; through broad epidemiological surveillance and highly effective vaccination program, poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus has been reported by only three countries, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria, across the world in recent years [61][62][63]. Another important human enterovirus is Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), which has been the major causative agent of viral myocarditis associated with heart dysfunction, also commonly affecting children and young adults [64,65].…”

Section: Enterovirus: Pathogenesis and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of autophagy and enterovirus

Huang

Yue

2020

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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A B S T R A C T Autophagy, an evolutional conserved lysosomal degradation process, has been implicated to play an important role in cellular defense against a variety of microbial infection. Interestingly, numerous studies found that some pathogens, especially positive-single-strand RNA viruses, actually hijacked autophagy machinery to promote virus infection within host cells, facilitating different stages of viral life cycle, from replication, assembly to egress. Enterovirus, a genus of positive-strand RNA virus, can cause various human diseases and is one of main public health threat globally, yet no effective clinical intervention is available for enterovirus infection. Here we summarized recent literature on how enteroviruses regulate and utilize autophagy process to facilitate their propagation in the host cells. The studies on the interplay between enterovirus and autophagy not only shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying how enterovirus hijacks cellular components and pathway for its own benefits, but also provide therapeutic option against enterovirus infection.

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Section: Enterovirus: Pathogenesis and Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay of autophagy and enterovirus

Huang

Yue

2020

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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“…Future analyses should help to further clarify the risks discussed in Table 2 and ultimately provide quantitative estimates for the different strategies. Ongoing research may also yield other risk management opportunities [65]. …”

Section: Factors Affecting Current Opv Restart Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polio endgame risks and the possibility of restarting the use of oral poliovirus vaccine

Tebbens¹,

Thompson²

2018

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Ending all cases of poliomyelitis requires successful cessation of all oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), but the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners should consider the possibility of an OPV restart.Areas covered: We review the risks of continued live poliovirus transmission after OPV cessation and characterize events that led to OPV restart in a global model that focused on identifying optimal strategies for OPV cessation and the polio endgame. Numerous different types of events that occurred since the globally coordinated cessation of serotype 2-containing OPV in 2016 highlight the possibility of continued outbreaks after homotypic OPV cessation. Modeling suggests a high risk of uncontrolled outbreaks once more than around 5,000 homotypic polio cases occur after cessation of an OPV serotype, at which point restarting OPV would become necessary to protect most populations. Current efforts to sunset the GPEI and transition its responsibilities to national governments poses risks that may limit the ability to implement management strategies needed to minimize the probability of an OPV restart.Expert commentary: OPV restart remains a real possibility, but risk management choices made by the GPEI partners and national governments can reduce the risks of this low-probability but high-consequence event.

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“…There are four CLs: CL1 to CL4 (13). Poliovirus (PV) is a typical example of biorisk management: in 2015, a revised edition of the WHO Global Action Plan (GAP) to minimize "PV facilityassociated risks after typespecific eradi cation of wild PVs and sequential cessation of oral PV vaccine use (GAPIII)" was implemented (14,15). Containment of PVs, as laid out in GAPIII, is taking place in three phases linked to global milestones in polio eradication.…”

Section: Pathogens Classification Biosafety Level and Biosecuritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosafety and Biosecurity in European Containment Level 3 Laboratories: Focus on French Recent Progress and Essential Requirements

Pastorino

Lamballerie

Charrel

2017

Front. Public Health

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Even if European Union (EU) Member States are obliged to implement EU Directives 2000/54/EC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, national biosafety regulations and practices varied from country to country. In fact, EU legislation on biological agents and genetically modified microorganisms is often not specific enough to ensure harmonization leading to difficulties in implementation for most laboratories. In the same way, biosecurity is a relatively new concept and a few EU Member States are known to have introduced national laboratory biosecurity legislation. In France, recent regulations have reinforced biosafety/biosecurity in containment level 3 (CL-3) laboratories but they concern a specific list of pathogens with no correlation in other European Members States. The objective of this review was to summarize European biosafety/biosecurity measures concerning CL-3 facilities focusing on French specificities. Essential requirements needed to preserve efficient biosafety measures when manipulating risk group 3 biological agents are highlighted. In addition, International, European and French standards related to containment laboratory planning, operation or biosafety equipment are described to clarify optimal biosafety and biosecurity requirements.

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Poliovirus Studies during the Endgame of the Polio Eradication Program

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

The interplay of autophagy and enterovirus

The interplay of autophagy and enterovirus

Polio endgame risks and the possibility of restarting the use of oral poliovirus vaccine

Biosafety and Biosecurity in European Containment Level 3 Laboratories: Focus on French Recent Progress and Essential Requirements

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