“…The majority of formal heritage language education occurs in complementary language schools, which are part-time and community-led (Creese et al 2008, Li 2006, Rose 2013. While some research exists on UK heritage language education, e.g., for Chinese (He 2004, Francis, Archer & Mau 2009, Hancock 2014 and Central and Eastern European languages (Sneddon 2014, Zielinska et al 2014, Tereshchenko & Archer 2015, little is known about Arabic complementary schools in the UK (see Mango [2011] and Zakharia [2016] for the US). This article recognises the valuable research that has been done on these schools and brings a contemporary perspective, focusing particularly on Arabic schools.…”