Political Conflict and Legal Uncertainty: The Privatisation of Land Ownership in Russia

Policy and praxis of land acquisition in China

“…Not only is land considered essential to life support for farmers but it also becomes one of the most important assets that can be a principal source of wealth and power (Mattingly, 1993). As a result, extensive literature exists on impacts of land rights, access to and tenure security on economic development, social advance and justice, poverty reduction, and political implications (Larbi et al, 2004;Misra, 1991;Nyambara, 2001;Skyner, 2001;Barbier, 1997).…”

Responses to agrarian reforms in Russia: Evidence from Novosibirsk oblast

“…One reason suggested by the literature is that private ownership of land was not properly established. There was considerable confusion over the legal entitlements of individuals over the use of their land-and property-share, partly caused by the 10-year suspension of land transaction agreed in the same year the Law on Land Reform was accepted (Kalugina, 2000;Skyner, 2001;Yamamura, 2002) and partly by the autonomy each oblast region was given in overseeing the implementation of these changes-which meant that land reform was sporadic and varied greatly across regions (Uzun, 2000;Norsworthy and Paluba, 2000;Skyner, 2001). Despite the 1996 decree, 11 there is evidence that a degree of confusion remains (Kalugina, 2002;Uzun, 2000) which has resulted in the absence of a land market and the slow growth in the market for leasing land (Rozelle and Swinnen, 2001).…”

Sscb’de Toprak Mülki̇yeti̇

“…Öte yandan uzun vadeli banka kredileri, yurttaşlara doğrudan satış ve mülkiyetin sahibine iadesi gibi çeşitli yöntemlerin de uygulandığını eklemek gerekir. Mülkiyetin sahibine iadesi yönteminde, daha önce toplumsallaştırılmış olan mülkiyetin önceki sahiplerine ya da onların akrabalarına iadesi söz konusudur (Holmes, 2010: 394-396 (Skyner, 2001). Toprak reformu ülkedeki özelleştirme politikalarının da en önemli unsurlarından biri olmuştur (Rutland, 1994).…”

“…Toprak reformu ekonomik ve politik reformların ön koşullarından biri haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu durum aynı zamanda ideolojik ve politik çatışmaların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır (Skyner, 2001). Toprak reformu ülkedeki özelleştirme politikalarının da en önemli unsurlarından biri olmuştur (Rutland, 1994).…”