Political cycles under external economic constraints: Evidence from Cyprus

Political business cycles 40 years after Nordhaus

“…On the optimal length of the electoral term, see also Chappell and Peel (1979), Ginsburgh and Michel (1983), Keech and Simon (1983), Baleiras and Santos (2000) and Ferris and Voia (2009). 18 Several other institutional variables that may exert an impact on the magnitude of PBCs have been studied: the quality of institutions by Shi and Svensson (2006), government transparency by Akhmedov and Zhuravskaya (2004), corruption by Shi and Svensson (2006), globalization by Efthyvoulou (2011), social capital measured by the level of generalized trust by Kouvavas (2013), direct versus indirect elections by Sjahrir et al (2013) and the degree of decentralization (Vergne 2009;Shelton 2014). Among these miscellaneous issues, the special role of the media emerges.…”

Electoral cycles in MPs’ salaries: evidence from the German states

“…See Vadlamannati (2015) on electoral cycles in anti-corruption policies. Political cycles may be influenced by term limits (Klein andSakurai 2015, Dalle Nogare and and globalization (Efthyvoulou 2011). 4 A political office may also give rise to private returns (Eggers and Hainmueller 2009, Querubin and Snyder 2013, Fisman et al 2014, Kotakorpi et al 2015.…”

Κυκλικές Διακυμάνσεις Στη Διεθνή Οικονομία

“…Finally, as far as the effect of elections to direct taxation is concerned, the negative relationship could be attributed to the pro-electoral cycle that dictates a slight decrease of taxation as a means of enhancing the probabilities of re-election for the government party, irrespective of their political identity (e.g. Katsimi and Sarantides, 2011;Efthyvoulou, 2011;Efthyvoulou, 2012;). Now, by taking into consideration the procyclical character of Dirtect taxes and Social Transfers as well as their negative relationship with election we can infer that election have an indirect counter cyclical character.…”