Political narratives in representation: Maiden speeches of ethnic minority members of parliament

Abstract

The maiden speech – the first speech given by a newly elected member of parliament (MP) – is a tradition in many parliaments, a personalized rite of passage to political power. As ethnic minority MPs remain relative newcomers, the maiden speech is, for them, even more politically charged. How do ethnic minority MPs represent their identities in this transformative moment? Our data set includes 93 ethnic minority MPs who have held a seat in the Dutch parliament, covering 88 maiden speeches, spanning 11 cycles (1986–2023). The diachronic and intersectional analysis shows that the relation between descriptive, substantive and symbolic representation for historically marginalized groups fluctuates and is influenced by the political environment. The ‘firsts’ of a particular gender/ethnicity intersectional group are less likely to narrate a minority identity than non‐firsts. Progressive party ideology influences the extent to which ethnic minority MPs emphasize an (intersectional) minoritized identity. Personal stories and family histories are often used to counter stereotypes, unmute silenced cultures and share values. The focus on the maiden speech as a political narrative sheds light on the blurry lines between substantive, symbolic and descriptive representation. The political narrative is a strategic tool for MPs from historically disadvantaged groups to represent collective identities.

When Politicians Feel Pressure to Represent: Evidence from South Africa

“…A final source of pressure to represent may stem from parliamentarians themselves: their expectations of how and whom they should represent (Wüst and Saalfeld 2011;Mügge and Runderkamp 2023). Such expectations may be linked to an individual's political career and how they were recruited into politics, attitudes on the proper role of representatives, having a strong minority identity, and an intrinsic interest in minority issues (Dancygier et al 2021).…”

“…A significant body of literature has explored the political representation of women and minority groups (Bird 2010;Hughes 2013;Paxton and Kunovich 2003;Mügge and Runderkamp 2023). These studies show a considerable variation in access to elected offices at all levels of government.…”