“…4 Previous work on substitution in televised professional sports has exclusively focused on within-country settings, examining substitution effects within the same league (e.g., Mills et al, 2016; Tainsky et al, 2016; Kang et al, 2018), between different divisions of the same sports (e.g., Hausman & Leonard, 1997; Grimshaw et al, 2013), between different sports leagues (e.g., Kanazawa & Funk, 2001; Berkowitz et al, 2011; Mongeon & Winfree, 2012), or between the domestic league and an international league (e.g., Schreyer et al, 2018a). 5 Studies focusing on transnational demand are generally scarce (exceptions include, for instance, Nalbantis & Pawlowski, 2016, 2019; Schreyer et al, 2018a; Otto et al, 2022). An overview of the studies analyzing substitution for televised sports is provided in Table A1 in Appendix A.…”