Políticas de investigación para las universidades: La financiación de centros de investigación en Galicia

Pereira‐Puga, Manuel; Sanz‐Menéndez, Luis

doi:10.24965/gapp.i28.10955

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…and E. novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron ( Schulz 1907 ; Plowman 1979 ), whose history of use traces back at least 8,000 years ( Dillehay et al 2010 ). Coca was predominantly involved in the cultural evolution of societies owing to its medicinal, stimulatory, and cultural properties ( Schultes 1979 ; Plowman 1984 ), and many Andean and Amazonian communities today remain reliant on this plant ( Naranjo 1979 ; Cristancho and Vining 2004 ; Azevedo 2021 ; Vergara et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometrics and Phylogenomics of Coca (Erythroxylum spp.) Illuminate Its Reticulate Evolution, With Implications for Taxonomy

Przelomska,

Diaz,

Ávila

et al. 2024

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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South American coca (Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense) has been a keystone crop for many Andean and Amazonian communities for at least 8,000 years. However, over the last half-century, global demand for its alkaloid cocaine has driven intensive agriculture of this plant and placed it in the center of armed conflict and deforestation. To monitor the changing landscape of coca plantations, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime collects annual data on their areas of cultivation. However, attempts to delineate areas in which different varieties are grown have failed due to limitations around identification. In the absence of flowers, identification relies on leaf morphology, yet the extent to which this is reflected in taxonomy is uncertain. Here, we analyze the consistency of the current naming system of coca and its four closest wild relatives (the “coca clade”), using morphometrics, phylogenomics, molecular clocks, and population genomics. We include name-bearing type specimens of coca's closest wild relatives E. gracilipes and E. cataractarum. Morphometrics of 342 digitized herbarium specimens show that leaf shape and size fail to reliably discriminate between species and varieties. However, the statistical analyses illuminate that rounder and more obovate leaves of certain varieties could be associated with the subtle domestication syndrome of coca. Our phylogenomic data indicate extensive gene flow involving E. gracilipes which, combined with morphometrics, supports E. gracilipes being retained as a single species. Establishing a robust evolutionary-taxonomic framework for the coca clade will facilitate the development of cost-effective genotyping methods to support reliable identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometrics and Phylogenomics of Coca (Erythroxylum spp.) Illuminate Its Reticulate Evolution, With Implications for Taxonomy

Przelomska,

Diaz,

Ávila

et al. 2024

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Steering at a distance: research centre funding schemes as instruments for university change

Pereira-Puga,

Sanz-Menéndez

2024

Science and Public Policy

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In addition to promoting reforms, governments foster change in university systems through funding, competition, and new policy instruments. Little research has been conducted on how research centre funding schemes support organizational changes in universities and on their institutional and policy barriers. This article addresses the research centre funding schemes implemented by the regional government of Galicia (Spain) in 2016. The approach is observational and based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors. The regional government sought to encourage organizational differentiation by increasing the autonomy of centres inside the universities and to enhance strategic research agendas, reinforcing the scientific authority of the centres’ directors. We found that the design and operation of the instrument in the context of the existing university governance system, and the interaction with other funding instruments within the policy mix, may create barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the funding scheme.

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Políticas de investigación para las universidades: La financiación de centros de investigación en Galicia

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Morphometrics and Phylogenomics of Coca (Erythroxylum spp.) Illuminate Its Reticulate Evolution, With Implications for Taxonomy

Morphometrics and Phylogenomics of Coca (Erythroxylum spp.) Illuminate Its Reticulate Evolution, With Implications for Taxonomy

Steering at a distance: research centre funding schemes as instruments for university change

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