Políticas de prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e universidades promotoras da saúde: reflexão teórica à luz da Teoria Transcultural [Policies for health-promoting universities and prevention of sexually transmitted infections: theoretical reflection in the light of Transcultural Theory] [Políticas de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual y universidades promotoras de la salud: una reflexión teórica a la luz de la Teoría Transcultural]

Abstract

Objetivo: refletir sobre as políticas para a prevenção de IST, à luz da perspectiva teórica de Madeleine Leininger sobre o cuidado transcultural, com enfoquena população jovem universitária. Conteúdo: selecionadas 21 obras, entre artigos científicos, políticas e documentos oficiais em saúde no contexto (inter)nacional, discutidas em duas categorias: 1) Políticas públicas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e; 2) O papel da universidade nas ações de prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na perspectiva da teoria transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Conclusão: as políticas públicas de saúde relacionadas à prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis têm enfoque na saúde sexual e reprodutiva de cada segmento social. Salientam-se as peculiaridades e potencialidades envolvidas no ambiente universitário, permeado pela vulnerabilidade dos comportamentos sexuais, numa perspectiva transcultural. O espaço da universidade deve ser inserido nas ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, como as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, sob o prisma do cuidado culturalmente congruente.ABSTRACTObjective: to think, in the light of Madeleine Leininger's transcultural care theory, about policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, focusing on the young university student population. Content: 21 documents were selected, including scientific papers, policies, and official documents on health in the (inter)national context. These were discussed in two categories: 1) policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and; 2) the university’s role in preventing sexually transmitted infections, as seen from the perspective of Madeleine Leininger's transcultural theory. Conclusion: policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections focus on sexual and reproductive health by social segment. The peculiarities and potentials of the university environment permeated by the vulnerability of sexual behaviors are highlighted from a transcultural perspective. The university space must be included, through the prism of culturally congruent care, in measures to promote health and prevent diseases, such as sexually transmitted infections.RESUMENObjetivo: reflexionar sobre las políticas de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual, a la luz de la teoría transcultural de Madeleine Leininger, dirigidas a la población joven universitaria. Contenido: fueron seleccionados 21 trabajos, entre artículos científicos, políticas y documentos oficiales en salud en el contexto (inter)nacional, discutidos en dos categorías: 1) Políticas públicas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual y; 2) El papel de la universidad en las acciones de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual desde la perspectiva de la teoría transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Conclusión: las políticas públicas de salud relacionadas con la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual se enfocan en la salud sexual y reproductiva de cada segmento social. Se resaltan las peculiaridades y potencialidades involucradas en el ambiente universitario, permeado por la vulnerabilidad de las conductas sexuales, desde una perspectiva transcultural. El espacio universitario debe estar insertado en las acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades, -como las infecciones de transmisión sexual-, bajo el prisma de una atención culturalmente congruente.

Social representation of young people in higher education about sexually transmitted infections

“…The investigated young people demonstrate a certain reified knowledge about STIs, which does not translate into the direct adoption of safe sexual practices, requiring the work of health educators in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) such as universities. These have the ability to provide undergraduate students with up-to-date, sufficient information corresponding to their social realities, leading them to the process of reflection about sexual behavior, minimizing doubts, preventing injuries related to sexual health, STIs and giving the university the status of a health promoting institution ( 15 , 22 - 23 ) . Besides that, health professionals’ performance, such as nurses, is perceived, mainly in Primary Care, with educational actions aimed at STI/AIDS prevention, when sharing professional practices of an informative, educational and communicational nature that can be directed to this scenario ( 9 ) .…”

Sexual behavior according to undergraduate students: perspective of cross-cultural nursing and intersectional framing

“…The Transcultural Nursing Theory can be conceived as the study of beliefs, values and nursing care practices, as perceived and cognitively known by a given culture, through its direct experience, through the expression of beliefs and value systems ( 3 - 4 ) . Thus, the importance that sociocultural forces exert on human beings is valued and, consequently, affect the care process.…”

“…Undergraduate students aged between 18 and 29 years old participated in the study. To delimit the age group, the Brazilian Youth Statute was adopted as a reference (young people are people aged between 15-29 years) ( 3 ) . However, it was decided not to include students aged ≤17 years, for ethical and legal reasons (requirement of consent of the person responsible and the assent form).…”

“…The high rates of contamination, transmission and morbidity and mortality raise concerns about global health ( 1 - 2 ) . STIs gained greater visibility from the 1980s onwards with the emergence of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), but they are still a public health problem that requires actions to control sociocultural determinants ( 3 - 4 ) .…”

“…In this context, a scientific gap was identified, making it timely to re-read the current sociocultural determinants and sexual behaviors adopted by undergraduate students, in order to contemplate the peculiarities of the academic context marked by diversity, freedom, discoveries and flexibility in expressing individualities and behavioral characteristics ( 4 ) . Moreover, due to the natural complexity of issues involving young undergraduate students’ sexual health, it is necessary to contemplate culture in terms of health care, preserving the subjectivities of care subjects ( 3 , 5 ) . In this regard, this perspective is related to Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory, which is anchored in the planning and implementation of (self)care actions, which is anchored in the planning and implementation of (self)care actions that consider the cultural contribution of the person being cared for, in order to guarantee congruent care to multiple health demands ( 5 ) .…”