Políticas públicas para la detección del cáncer de mama en México

Abstract

Breast Cancer is a significant public health problem associated with epidemiological and demographic transitions that are currently taking place in Mexico. Aging and increased exposure to risk factors are thought to increase breast cancer incidence, having great relevance for the society and health services. Under this scenario, the health system must respond to the growing needs for better breast cancer screening services. In this paper we present an update of breast cancer mortality, general international recommendations for breast cancer screening programs and key aspects of the Mexico Action Program for Breast Cancer Screening and Control 2007-2012. Breast cancer policies are aimed at organizing and increasing the infrastructure to develop a National Program for Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer with optimal quality, friendliness and respect for patient's rights.

Applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method for determining socio-ecological factors that influence adherence to mammography screening in rural areas of Mexico

“…Early diagnosis, therefore, requires a process of effective communication and education which inculcates the medical culture of prevention in the population 46 Consequently, the best alternative is to renew early cancer detection strategies and programs rather than continuing the identification of patients in later stages when there will be insufficient resources for adequate treatment 4 . The findings described above coincide with some of today's challenges for the efficient detection of breast cancer such as: (1) promoting equal investment in human resources, infrastructure and screening equipment, (2) improving information and target population awareness-raising about the benefits associated with early detection, (3) training enough radiology technicians, oncology specialist nurses among others and (4) promoting a culture of quality and excellence in the provision of services 5 .…”

“…In Mexican populations, breast cancer detection coverage between 2007 and 2012 was below the national target of 21.6% for females aged between 45 and 64 5 . In 2007, a low rate of mammography of only 16% was reported in rural areas among women between the ages of 40 and 49 6 .…”

Utilización correcta de las técnicas de detección de cáncer de mama en mujeres mexicanas

“…Según el Sistema de Información de Cáncer de la Mujer (Sicam), en el periodo [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]70.2% de los casos de CaMa se detectó en etapas avanzadas (II, 32.8%; III, 30.0%; y IV, 7.4%), lo cual incluye 20.6% de casos que no fueron clasificables. 6 Esta situación no sólo disminuye la sobrevida de las mujeres afectadas sino que implica la utilización de tratamientos más agresivos y costosos.…”

“…16 El programa de acción para la prevención de CaMa 2007-2012 contempló entre sus metas alcanzar una cobertura anual de 30% con EC en mujeres de 25 a 69 años e incrementar de 8.5 a 21.6% la cobertura por MA en mujeres de 50 a 69 años. 6 El hecho de que la mortalidad por CaMa en México no ha disminuido evidencia el bajo impacto de dicho programa. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de utilización correcta de las prácticas de detección oportuna de CaMa recomendadas por la NOM, así como identificar las características reproductivas y sociodemográficas asociadas con su realización en mujeres residentes en el norte de México, donde la morbi-mortalidad por CaMa es mayor que en el resto del país.…”

Medical therapeutic itineraries of women with breast cancer diagnosis affiliated to the People's Health Insurance in San Luis Potosí, central Mexico

“…Since 2006, the breast cancer mortality rate has surpassed that of cervical cancer in Mexico, becoming the leading cause of death in women aged ≥ 25 years, with a mean dying age of 59 years 2 . In 2011, the national mortality rate was 14/100,000 and San Luis Potosí was the third federal state with the highist rate reported among those aged ≥ 20 years (44.4/100,000) 3 .…”