Politicizing Europe in times of crisis

Abstract

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Second-order effects or ideational rifts? Explaining outcomes of European elections in an era of populist politics

“…As a result, European integration has become politicized: it constitutes a new political divide that structures public opinion and party competition, shaping voting behavior in elections and referenda (Hix, 1999;Marks and Steenbergen, 2004;Kriesi, 2007Kriesi, , 2016Hobolt, 2009;Hooghe and Marks, 2009). The numerous challenges that Europeans have experienced over the past decade, including the eurozone crisis, the refugee crisis, terrorism, geopolitical tensions and Brexit, have served as catalysts for the politicization of integration (Kriesi and Pappas, 2015;Hutter and Kriesi, 2019). In sum, while the EU could be seen as a 'polity without politics' in the past (Schmidt, 2006), many scholars believe that such a characterization is no longer justified.…”

Domestic contestation of the European Union

“…European citizens have become more aware of the EU as both part of the problem and the solution when it comes to major public policy concerns (Hobolt and Tilley 2014). Transnational European issues also feature more prominently as determinants of electoral choice and party competition (van Spanje and de Vreese 2011; De Vries and Hobolt 2012; Hooghe and Marks 2018; Ares et al 2017;Hutter and Kriesi 2019).…”

EU Political System’s Resilience in the Age of Politicization: Lessons From the 2019 European Parliament Elections

“…From the point of view of this research, politicization requires active political entrepreneurs who successfully mobilize the public on salient constitutive issues, and polarized public opinion (Hooghe and Marks, 2018;Hutter et al, 2016). In this context, domestic political parties, especially the Eurosceptic extreme left and right, now explicitly profile on EU issues (Meijers, 2017;Meijers andRauh, 2016, van der Veer, Haverland, 2018).…”

“…As a consequence, the EU is "far from its citizens", in the sense that citizens do not understand or identify with it and therefore feel that they have no power over European democratic politics (Tsakatika, 2007, 877). Second, the current stage of the EU integration project is characterized by politicization (Hooghe and Marks, 2009;Hutter et al, 2016;Hutter and Kriesi, 2019), which means the mobilization of public mass opinion with regard to the EU policy and institutions. I suggest looking at the EP election 2019 and its results through new analytical optics.…”