This article examines the impact of the opening of a high-speed railway on the economic development of Jilin Province. It also analyzes the railway's role in promoting transportation, tourism, and upgrading the industrial structure. The research results indicate that the opening of high-speed railways has had a positive impact on the economy of Jilin Province. This includes improving transportation convenience, promoting tourism development, and facilitating industrial upgrading. However, the construction and operation of high-speed railways also face some challenges, such as high construction costs and operational cost pressures. Therefore, in the future development of high-speed railways, it is necessary to continue optimizing planning and management, improving operational efficiency, and solving related problems. At the same time, attention should be paid to environmental protection and sustainable development in order to ensure the long-term positive impact of high-speed railways on the economic development of Jilin Province. Therefore, it is recommended that the Jilin Provincial Government increase support for the development of high-speed railways to enhance investment efficiency and operational effectiveness. In addition, cooperation with surrounding areas should be strengthened to achieve seamless connections between high-speed railways and other modes of transportation. At the same time, attention should be paid to cultivating talent and promoting technological innovation in order to enhance the industrial competitiveness and innovation capabilities of Jilin Province.