Polityka Spójności oraz Europejski Instrument Sąsiedztwa i Partnerstwa jako narzędzia wsparcia współpracy transgranicznej na wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych granicach Unii Europejskiej

Key conditions for Euroregions development at external EU borders: A case study of the Polish–Belarusian borderland

“…In each case, the achieved degree of cross-border cooperation and the perspective of its development depend on a combination of various political, administrative-legal, social and geographic factors (Sousa, 2013). In the case of the Polish-Belarusian borderland, the most important conditions of cross-border cooperation include (Dołzbłasz, 2018;Jakubowski, Bronisz, & Miszczuk, 2017;Svensson, 2015): (Dołzbłasz, 2018). Pursuant to the terminology proposed by O. J. Martinez (Martinez, 1994), due to the character of the Polish-Belarusian border, the relations of the adjacent near-border areas are still at the transitional stage between coexistence and cooperation; c. variability of the institutional space and different scope of competences of public administration unitswhereas the administrative reform implemented in Poland in 1998 strengthening the position of local governments and granting them a number of entitlements (among others in the scope of local development and cross-border cooperation) is considered as one of the greatest achievements of the political transformation (Swianiewicz, 2020), in Belarus, the system of organization of largely centralized territorial administration inherited from the Soviet Union has been vastly preserved (Mazol, 2015).…”

“…Pursuant to the terminology proposed by O. J. Martinez (Martinez, 1994), due to the character of the Polish-Belarusian border, the relations of the adjacent near-border areas are still at the transitional stage between coexistence and cooperation; c. variability of the institutional space and different scope of competences of public administration unitswhereas the administrative reform implemented in Poland in 1998 strengthening the position of local governments and granting them a number of entitlements (among others in the scope of local development and cross-border cooperation) is considered as one of the greatest achievements of the political transformation (Swianiewicz, 2020), in Belarus, the system of organization of largely centralized territorial administration inherited from the Soviet Union has been vastly preserved (Mazol, 2015). Limited possibilities of independent shaping of cross-border relations by units at the local and regional level in Belarus generate the necessity of the central authorities' involvement as a decision-making entity, largely complicating the implementation of common cross-border undertakings to the evident asymmetry in the availability of financial resources on both sides of the border (Dołzbłasz & Raczyk, 2011), and limitedagainst areas located at the internal bordersavailability of financial support in the scope of the European Union cross-border cooperation programmes (Jakubowski, Bronisz, et al, 2017).…”

“…In each case, the achieved degree of cross‐border cooperation and the perspective of its development depend on a combination of various political, administrative‐legal, social and geographic factors (Sousa, 2013). In the case of the Polish–Belarusian borderland, the most important conditions of cross‐border cooperation include (Dołzbłasz, 2018; Jakubowski, Bronisz, & Miszczuk, 2017; Svensson, 2015):…”

Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology

“…A growing body of research has been developed over recent years regarding the impact of European integration and the Cohesion Policy on overcoming the peripherality of border areas, as well as on integration processes and development of cross-border cooperation in the context of border area development (Medeiros, 2015(Medeiros, , 2018ab, 2019Miszczuk & Jakubowski, 2015;Jakubowski, Bronisz & Miszczuk, 2017;Basboga, 2020). Nonetheless, these studies largely constitute case studies (Sohn & Scott, 2020) or comparative studies (Scott, Sweedler, Ganster & Eber-wein, 1997;Sohn, Reitel & Walther, 2009;Decoville, Durand, Sohn & Walther, 2013), whereas cross-cutting and holistic studies showing the development processes of cross-border areas in a broader perspective are still scarce.…”

Tożsamościowy wymiar współpracy transgranicznej Polski i Ukrainy. Z badań nad świadomością zbiorową mieszkańców obszarów przygranicznych

“…Nie ma drugiej takiej lądowej granicy w Europie, która -według danych Banku Światowego (World Bank Database, 2019) -dzieliłaby kraje o większej różnicy (względnej) w dochodzie PKB per capita niż ta pomiędzy Polską a Ukrainą. Szereg analiz (Rosik, Goliszek, Duma, Komornicki, 2020;Buller, Kotarski, Pachkovskyy, 2017;Jakubowski, Bronisz, Miszczuk, 2017;Jakubowski, Miszczuk, Kawałko, Komornicki, Szul, 2016) pozwala na stwierdzenie, że trudno odnaleźć na kontynencie europejskim inne tereny przygraniczne z tak dużymi dysproporcjami. Ponadto tereny po obu stronach granicy należą do słabiej rozwiniętych regionów swoich państw, w związku z czym najintensywniejsze międzynarodowe powiązania powstają najczęściej z dala od granicy.…”