Politywide Analysis and Imperial Political Economy: The Relationship between Valley Political Complexity and Administrative Centers in the Wari Empire of the Central Andes

New World States and Empires: Politics, Religion, and Urbanism

“…In contrast, Wari occupations through the central highlands and south coast of Peru (Covey, 2003;Jennings and Craig, 2001;McEwan, 1996McEwan, , 1998Schreiber, 1992Schreiber, , 1999Williams, 2001) suggest a greater degree of political and economic reorganization of conquered territories and substantial investment in a far-flung imperial infrastructure. In the case of the Sondondo Valley of southern Peru (Schreiber, 1992(Schreiber, , 1999, a major Wari administrative center, Jincamocco, was established and built in the distinctive Wari architectural style.…”

“…As pointed out by Blanton (2001), New World survey research is far more problem oriented and theoretically informed than work in the Mediterranean, if less sophisticated in its methods. One area where New World surveys do not lag behind their counterparts in the Mediterranean is in the use of GIS and other spatial technologies and approaches (Anaya Hernández, 2001;Estrada Belli, 1999;Gutiérrez Mendoza et al, 2000;Hare, 2004;Jennings and Craig, 2001).…”

Core, peripheries, and regional realities in Middle Horizon Peru

“…The correlation of Wari influence with societal change led previous scholars to suggest that Wari directly influenced the valley (Chávez Chávez, 1982, p. 86;Trawick, 1994, p. 72). In my own work, I have moved away from an earlier initial argument of direct control (Jennings and Craig, 2001) to one more recently of Wari indirect control or influence over the valley (Jennings, 2002;Jennings and Yépez Á lvarez, 2001a,b).…”

“…153-154;Von Hagen and Morris, 1998, p. 130), the demand for non-local goods increased. The need for agricultural products appears to have been largely met by intensification and state regulation of surrounding valleys (Browman, 1999;Isbell, 1977;Raymond, 1992;Raymond and Isbell, 1969;Vivanco and Valdez, 1993), while less bulky and/or non-perishable goods likely came into the valley from more distant regions (Jennings and Craig, 2001). Inter-regional exchange increased significantly during the Middle Horizon throughout Peru.…”

“…5), the Wari capital and its surrounding valleys were the core of the state and all of the sites with Wari style architecture served as nodes in a Wari administrative hierarchy that helped to organize local political economies for the extraction of desired resources (Isbell and McEwan, 1991;Isbell and Schreiber, 1978;Jennings and Craig, 2001;McEwan, 1987McEwan, , 1996McEwan, , 2005Schreiber, 1978Schreiber, , 1987Schreiber, , 1992Schreiber, , 1999Schreiber, , 2001. The model stresses the variability of state-local relationships, with the administrative sites anchoring pockets of direct control within an imperial mosaic of direct and indirect control that was determined by state interests, logistical concerns, and local conditions (Schreiber, 1992, p. 276).…”