Pollen and Plant Macroremain Analyses for the Reconstruction of Environmental Changes in the Early Metal Period

Kalniņa, Laimdota; Ceriņa, Aija; Vasks, Andrejs

doi:10.1007/1-4020-2656-0_21

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The most recent and carefully investigated sediment sequences used for climate reconstruction stem from the following lakes: Svētiņu (Veski et al 2012), Kurjanovas (Heikkilä et al 2009), Busnieks (Grudzinska et al 2010;Ozola et al 2010), mires: Cena (Kalniņa 2007(Kalniņa , 2008, Eipurs, Dzelve (Kuške et al 2010a), Rozhu (Kuške et al 2010b) and from archaeological sites at Lubans (Kalniņa et al 2004), Sarnate (Kalniņa et al 2011) and Priedaine (Cerina et al 2010) (see Table 2.1). Some of the pollen records have been re-interpreted using the model REVEALS.…”

Section: Sources Of Palaeoclimatic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change During the Holocene (Past 12,000 Years)

Борзенкова

Zorita

Borisova

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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This chapter summarises the climatic and environmental information that can be inferred from proxy archives over the past 12,000 years. The proxy archives from continental and lake sediments include pollen, insect remnants and isotopic data. Over the Holocene, the Baltic Sea area underwent major changes due to two interrelated factors-melting of the Fennoscandian ice sheet (causing interplay between global sea-level rise due to the meltwater and regional isostatic rebound of the earth's crust causing a drop in relative sea level) and changes in the orbital configuration of the Earth (triggering the glacial to interglacial transition and affecting incoming solar radiation and so controlling the regional energy balance). The Holocene climate history showed three stages of natural climate oscillations in the Baltic Sea region: short-term cold episodes related to deglaciation during a stable positive temperature trend (11,000-8000 cal year BP); a warm and stable climate with air temperature 1.0-3.5°C above modern levels (8000-4500 cal year BP), a decreasing temperature trend; and increased climatic instability (last 5000-4500 years). The climatic variation during the Lateglacial and Holocene is reflected in the changing lake levels and vegetation, and in the formation of a complex hydrographical network that set the stage for the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age of the past millennium.

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Section: Sources Of Palaeoclimatic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change During the Holocene (Past 12,000 Years)

Борзенкова

Zorita

Borisova

et al. 2015

Regional Climate Studies

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“…Though many studies based on macroscopical or microscopical remains allowed to get insights into both vegetation and human impact histories, parallel studies on both pollen and macroremains have definitively stated that the two datasets supply a more complete picture of past green landscapes (Behre & Jacomet 1991;Kalnina et al 2004;Mercuri et al 2006a;Morel & Mercuri 2009;Mariotti Lippi et al 2010;Mercuri et al 2010b). Archaeobotany strongly calls for the cooperative research of palynologists and palaeobotanists to enhance and enforce the potentialities of the two approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reconstructing past cultural landscape and human impact using pollen and plant macroremains

Sadori

Mercuri

Lippi

2010

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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Three examples of plant landscape shaping, carried out by Iron Age populations living in different geographical areas, are presented. The examples differ in population type (Garamantes, Etruscans, and Romans), archaeological context (settlement, necropolis, furnace, port), and area of plant exploitation (respectively, Fezzan-Libyan Sahara and Tuscany, Latium-central Italy). The leitmotiv of the three parallel investigations highlighted that humans induced clear changes in plant cover modifying the quantitative ratio among native elements and spreading the plants of economic interest even outside of their natural habitats. Micro- and macroremain analyses once more enhanced that landscape reconstruction depends on both wild and cultivated plants, and that the cultural plant landscape is composed of a complex mixture of indigenous and exotic elements. Archaeobotany results in great help in reviewing ancient prejudices, rewriting history in a modern ecological view, also discovering a different role in the landscape evolution of past civilizations. In this light, the Garamantes deeply transformed the oases in agrarian producer sites, and the Etruscans, in the area of the Gulf of Follonica, modified the previous forest vegetation, probably enhancing the xeric features. The Romans, believed as the main creators of the environmental changes in the Mediterranean basin, surprisingly did not produce consistent plant changes in the area of the Tiber delta, in the surroundings of the imperial port of Rome, during the first century AD

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“…On the other hand, these changes in forest structure towards a more open character and the presence of macrocharcol could also signal human impact. Evidence of human activity were detected earlier since the Mesolithic in Latvia (Kalnina et al 2004;Stivrins et al 2016), but pollen of cultivars (Secale cereale) in this region were only detected around 1500 cal yr. BP (Stivrins et al 2014). Similarly, the first record of pollen of Secale cereale in NE Poland was around 1500 cal yr. BP (Gałka et al 2014b), which support the interpretation of increased role of humans on the vegetation composition since ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Rich Fen on the SE Baltic Coast, Latvia, during the Last 7500 Years, Using Paleoecological Proxies: Implications for Plant Community Development and Paleoclimatic Research

et al. 2016

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We present the paleoecological development of a rich fen located in the dune area on the SE Baltic coast, during the last 7500 years. The Apšuciems Mire hosts rare and endangered plant communities in Europe, such as Schoenus ferrugineus and Cladium mariscus. Analysis at highresolution of plant macroremains in two peat cores was carried out to reconstruct local vegetation succession and fluctuations in moisture availability on the peatland, while a pollen record was developed to reconstruct plant succession, moisture variability and human activity at the regional scale. Based on the presence or the absence of macroremains of plants that occur in wet habitat e.g. Cladium mariscus, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Alisma plantago-aquatica and Botrycoccocus we distinguished four wet periods ca. 6000, 2000, 1750-1550, 1200-150 cal yr. BP and four dry periods (ca. 7000, 4600-4200, 1800-1750, 1550-1200 cal yr. BP) in the peatland's development. A water level increase at 1200 cal yr. BP triggered the development of plant communities containing Chara sp., Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, then Cladium mariscus. Our study shows a link between climate change at the regional scale and vegetation development in Apšuciems Mire. We showed that changes in vegetation structure during last 150 years was caused by drainage and human activity.

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Pollen and Plant Macroremain Analyses for the Reconstruction of Environmental Changes in the Early Metal Period

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Climate Change During the Holocene (Past 12,000 Years)

Climate Change During the Holocene (Past 12,000 Years)

Reconstructing past cultural landscape and human impact using pollen and plant macroremains

Development of Rich Fen on the SE Baltic Coast, Latvia, during the Last 7500 Years, Using Paleoecological Proxies: Implications for Plant Community Development and Paleoclimatic Research

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