Pollen cone anatomy of Classostrobus crossii sp. nov. (Cheirolepidiaceae)

Seed cone anatomy of Cheirolepidiaceae (Coniferales): Reinterpreting Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland

“…Together, these characters allow for the recognition that P . patagonica shares diagnostic features with seed cones of the Cheirolepidiaceae, an extinct conifer family that previously has been represented primarily by Classopollis pollen, compressed specimens, wood, and a single permineralized pollen cone (e.g., Wieland, 1935; Jung, 1968; Watson, 1988; Harris, 1979; Alvin, 1982; Clement‐Westerhof and van Konijnenburg‐van Cittert, 1991; Axsmith and Jacobs, 2005; Rothwell et al, 2007; Taylor et al, 2009).…”

Pararaucaria carriisp. nov., Anatomically Preserved Evidence for the Conifer Family Cheirolepidiaceae in the Northern Hemisphere

“…Although the presence of the family in Mesozoic sediments is most easily recognized by the extremely distinctive pollen genus Classopollis Pflug (Traverse 1988), fossils preserved as compressions/impressions and displaying distinctive cuticular characters are well represented in Mesozoic sediments worldwide (Alvin et al 1978;Taylor et al 2009). Morphology and cuticular structure of several cheirolepidiaceous species have been thoroughly characterized, and some wood has been described (Alvin 1982;Watson 1988;Clement-Westerhof and van Konijnenberg-van Cittert 1991;Kva cek 2000;Axsmith et al 2004;Axsmith and Jacobs 2005;Del Fueyo et al 2008), but only recently has the internal anatomy of the pollen cones (i.e., Classostrobus crossii Rothwell, Mapes, Hilton et Hollingworth 2006) and seed cones (i.e., Pararaucaria patagonica Wieland emend. Escapa, Rothwell, Stockey et Cú neo 2012;Pararaucaria delfueyoi Escapa, Cú neo, Rothwell et Stockey 2013) been discovered.…”

Cheirolepidiacean foliage and pollen from Cretaceous high-latitudes of southeastern Australia

“…Cupressacean microsporangiate cones are generally smaller with up to six pollen sacs per sporophyll (Rothwell et al, 2007;Escapa et al, 2008), whereas cheirolepid pollen cones may have had 2-3 pollen sacs per sporophyll, though this character is uncertain or unknown in some frenelopsids (Axsmith et al, 2004b;Axsmith and Jacobs, 2005) and non-frenelopsids (Archangelsky, 1968). However, it is its pollen morphology that most clearly separates the families: spherical pollen with a ring-like germinal groove and a complex columellate-like exine structure in Cheirolepidiaceae (Taylor and Alvin, 1984;Krassilov, 1987;ClementWesterhof and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1991) versus spherical, weakly scabrate, non-tectate pollen, with an inconspicuous germinal pore in Cupressaceae (Yao et al, 1998;Kunzmann et al, 2009).…”

“…The non-frenelopsids have leaves borne in a spiral arrangement and include representatives of genera such as Brachyphyllum (Watson, 1988;Du et al, 2013) and Watsoniocladus (Srinivasan, 1995) from Laurasia, and Tomaxellia and Tarphyderma (Archangelsky, 1963(Archangelsky, , 1966(Archangelsky, , 1968Taylor, 1986, 1991;Villar de Seoane, 1998;Kunzmann et al, 2006) from Gondwana. Microsporangiate and ovuliferous cones attached to shoots or associated with leaves of both groups (Alvin et al, , 1994Kvaček, 2000;Axsmith et al, 2004b;Rothwell et al, 2007;del Fueyo et al, 2008;Escapa et al, 2012Escapa et al, , 2013, contain Classopollis pollen (synonyms: Corollina, Circulina, Gliscopollis; Traverse, 2004). The distinctive spherical pollen with a ring-like germinal groove is the most diagnostic character of the family (Taylor and Alvin, 1984;Watson, 1988).…”