Pollen Evidence for Late Quaternary Climate Changes on Kerguelen Islands

Young, Steven B.; Schofield, Eileen K.

doi:10.1038/245311a0

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…5160 cal yr BP). The warm period at 5160 cal yr BP seems not to be consistent with the shift to colder conditions deduced by Young and Schofield (1973) at ca. 5700 cal yr BP and in the Morne Rouge sequence between 5560 and 4630 cal yr BP.…”

Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Although the Morne Rouge sequence started only at about 6200 cal years ago, a similar shift from a warm to a colder climate seems also to be present in the Morne Rouge record at 5560 cal yr BP. However, taking into consideration the treeless and phanerogam-poor flora of sub-Antarctic islands, it can be questioned whether palynology alone can be used as a climate proxy as Young and Schofield (1973) did (Birks and Birks, 2000; see also Van der Putten, 2008).…”

Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studied sequences were not or not well enough chronologically constrained to infer a climate history. Maybe one of the best dated palynological studies of the southern Indian Ocean islands was made on the Iles Kerguelen (Young and Schofield, 1973), spanning the last glacial-interglacial transition and the Holocene. At 5000 14 C yr BP (ca.…”

Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrated palaeoenvironmental investigation of a 6200 year old peat sequence from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica

Putten

Hébrard

Verbruggen

et al. 2008

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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A 6200 year old peat sequence, cored in a volcanic crater on the sub-Antarctic Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet), has been investigated, based on a multi-proxy approach. The methods applied are macrobotanical (mosses, seeds and fruits) and diatom analyses, complemented by geochemical (Rock-Eval6) and rock magnetic measurements. The chronology of the core is based on 5 radiocarbon dates.When combining all the proxy data the following changes could be inferred. From the onset of the peat formation (6200 cal yr BP) until ca. 5550 cal yr BP, biological production was high and climatic conditions must have been relatively warm. At ca. 5550 cal yr BP a shift to low biological production occurred, lasting until ca. 4600 cal yr BP. During this period the organic matter is well preserved, pointing to a cold and/or wet environment. At ca. 4600 cal yr BP, biological production increased again. From ca. 4600 cal yr BP until ca. 4100 cal yr BP a "hollow and hummock" micro topography developed at the peat surface, resulting in the presence of a mixture of wetter and drier species in the macrobotanical record. After ca. 4100 cal yr BP, the wet species disappear and a generally drier, acidic bog came into existence. A major shift in all the proxy data is observed at ca. 2800 cal yr BP, pointing to wetter and especially windier climatic conditions on the island probably caused by an intensification and/or latitudinal shift of the southern westerly belt. Caused by a stronger wind regime, erosion of the peat surface occurred at that time and a lake was formed in the peat deposits of the crater, which is still present today.

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Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palaeoclimatic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An integrated palaeoenvironmental investigation of a 6200 year old peat sequence from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica

Putten

Hébrard

Verbruggen

et al. 2008

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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show abstract

“…In this context it is noteworthy that the onset of the occurrence of Acaena in Core 2 (Port Douzieme, Presqu'île Ronarch, Fig. 1B) in Young and Schofield (1973), after calibration of their initial radiocarbon dates and interpolation between the dates, can be estimated to about 11,600 cal yr BP, coinciding with the onset in the Estacade record.…”

Section: Proxy Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both species grow in sheltered habitats. Young and Schofield (1973) regarded these species as warm "lowland" species, while the occurrence of A. selago is evidence for cold "upland" conditions. In a comparison between pollen data and macrofossil data, Van der Putten et al (2012b) concluded that such an "upland-lowland principle" is difficult to apply for sub-Antarctic palaeoclimatic interpretations, at least for the Holocene period.…”

Section: Proxy Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Last Termination in the South Indian Ocean: A unique terrestrial record from Kerguelen Islands (49°S) situated within the Southern Hemisphere westerly belt

Putten

Verbruggen

Björck

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

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International audienceThe awareness of the significance of the Southern Ocean in the Earth's climate system has become increasingly obvious. The deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise during warming periods in Antarctica has been attributed to CO2 ventilation from the deep ocean caused by enhanced upwelling around the Antarctic Divergence. It has been hypothesized that, more intense Southern Hemisphere westerly winds aligned with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current due to a southward shift of the wind belt from its Last Glacial Maximum equator-ward position, are the main drivers. Reconstructions of past changes in atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere are still scarce and the overall picture is patchy with sometimes contradictory results. For obvious reasons, most terrestrial records originate from southern South America and New Zealand. Here we present a terrestrial record from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, from Kerguelen Islands located at 49°S. A peat record is investigated using a multi-proxy approach (pollen and plant macrofossils, magnetic susceptibility, XRF analyses, biogenic silica content, Rock-Eval6 analysis and humification degree). Peat accumulation starts at about 16,000 cal yr BP with relatively warm and dry conditions. The most prominent change in our proxy data occurs at 13,600 cal yr BP, when peat ponds were established on the peat surface, resulting in lacustrine-type deposits, as a result of very high humidity, and with proxies implying very windy conditions. Within chronological uncertainties, this onset coincides with the onset of the so-called Oceanic Cold Reversal, based on the deuterium excess data in the EPICA Dome C ice core record. Kerguelen Islands are located in the moisture source area of Dome C and a change in atmospheric circulation at that time could explain both records. Around 12,900 cal yr BP, at the end of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, pond/lake sediments give way to more peaty deposits, with proxies suggesting slightly drier, less windy and probably warmer conditions. Kerguelen Islands became less influenced by the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds and these conditions were amplified during the early Holocene climate optimum as found in Antarctic ice core records

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Onset of Neoglaciation in the Southern Hemisphere

Porter

2000

J. Quaternary Sci.

124

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Pollen Evidence for Late Quaternary Climate Changes on Kerguelen Islands

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

An integrated palaeoenvironmental investigation of a 6200 year old peat sequence from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica

An integrated palaeoenvironmental investigation of a 6200 year old peat sequence from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica

The Last Termination in the South Indian Ocean: A unique terrestrial record from Kerguelen Islands (49°S) situated within the Southern Hemisphere westerly belt

Onset of Neoglaciation in the Southern Hemisphere

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