Pollen grains of heat tolerant tomato cultivars retain higher carbohydrate concentration under heat stress conditions

Firon, Nurit; Shaked, Rachel; Peet, Mary M.; Pharr, D. M.; Zamski, E.; Rosenfeld, Katerina; Althan, Leviah; Pressman, Etan

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.03.007

Cited by 211 publications

(242 citation statements)

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“…The reduction in tomato yield under long-term mild heat (LTMH) may be attributed to the plant's vulnerability during reproductive development, resulting in a lower number of pollen per flower (PN) and pollen viability (PV) (Dane et al 1991;Firon et al 2006;Kinet and Peet 1997;Levy et al 1978;Peet et al 1998;Pressman 2002;Pressman et al 2006;Sato et al 2000Sato et al , 2006Xu et al 2017b). In this study, we analysed the natural variation of reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species, which may serve as gene sources for cultivated tomato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative approach, it might be more effective to analyse the various contributing sub-traits individually and combine them afterwards in a breeding context. For example, decreases in tomato fruit set under long-term mildly elevated temperatures has been shown to correlate with a decrease in pollen viability (Dane et al 1991;Firon et al 2006;Kinet and Peet 1997;Levy et al 1978;Peet et al 1998;Pressman 2002;Pressman et al 2006;Sato et al 2000Sato et al , 2006Xu et al 2017b). Also, style protrusion may affect reproductive success under high temperature (Charles and Harris 1972;Dane et al 1991;Rick and Dempsey 1969;Rudich et al 1977;Saeed et al 2007;Xu et al 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the natural variation for reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species

et al. 2018

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Climate change has become a serious threat for crop productivity worldwide. The increased frequency of heat waves strongly affects reproductive success and thus yield for many crop species, implying that breeding for thermotolerant cultivars is critical for food security. Insight into the genetic architecture of reproductive heat tolerance contributes to our fundamental understanding of the stress sensitivity of this process and at the same time may have applied value. In the case of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), germplasm screenings for thermotolerance have often used yield as the main measured trait. However, due to the complex nature of yield and the relatively narrow genetic variation present in the cultivated germplasm screened, there has been limited progress in understanding the genetic basis of reproductive heat tolerance. Extending the screening to wild accessions of related species that cover a range of climatic conditions might be an effective approach to find novel, more tolerant genetic resources. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the sensitivity of individual reproductive key traits (i.e. the number of pollen per flower, pollen viability and style protrusion) to heat-wave like long-term mild heat (LTMH), and determine the extent to which genetic variation exists for these traits among wild tomato species. We found that these traits were highly variable among the screened accessions. Although no overall thermotolerant species were identified, several S. pimpinellifolium individuals outperformed the best performing cultivar in terms of pollen viability under LTMH. Furthermore, we reveal that there has been local adaptation of reproductive heat tolerance, as accessions from lower elevations and higher annual temperature are more likely to show high pollen viability under LTMH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the natural variation for reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species

et al. 2018

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“…Heat stress negatively affects pollen development and pollen quality and results in nonviable pollen, which is caused by a decrease in starch concentration in developing pollen. [17][18][19] In addition to nonviable pollen, heat stress also increased pollen bursting. Sakata and Higashitani reported that heat stress arrested the function of secondary parietal cells of the pollen walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a brassinosteroid and an ecdysone analogue on pollen germination of rice under heat stress

et al. 2013

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Heat stress is associated with a reduction in pollen germination and seed setting of rice. Brassinosteroids have been reported to counteract some stresses on plant growth and development. We investigated the effects of an exogenously applied brassinosteroid, (24-epibrassinolide; EBR) and an ecdysone analogue (7,8-dihydro-8α-20-hydroxyecdysone; DHECD) against heat stress on pollen viability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Pathum Thani 1. The plants were treated with either EBR or DHECD and exposed to a day/night heat stress regime of 40/30°C for 7 days. The results demonstrated that 0.001 µM of either chemical was effective for increasing pollen viability and reducing pollen bursting. Furthermore, these chemical treatments conferred resistance to heat stress in in vivo pollen germination and seed setting. Consequently, these results suggest EBR and DHECD should alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress by improving pollen germination and seed setting and enable rice to withstand high temperature stress.

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“…The tolerance of a plant is often considered relative to another plant. For example, under a constant day temperature of 32°C the tomato genotype Hazera 3042 produced on average 5.9 fruits per plant with 53% of seeded fruits (Firon et al 2006). This is therefore considered to be a more tolerant genotype than the genotype Hazera 3017 that produced on average only 2.6 fruits per plant that did not contain any seeds.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Genotypes which are tolerant to high temperatures have the ability to maintain a high pollen quality, which results in a greater fruit production compared to sensitive genotypes (Dane et al 1991). The ability to maintain high pollen quality under heat stress has been mainly attributed to the high abundance of sugars (Firon et al 2006). …”

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Identification of metabolites involved in heat stress response in different tomato genotypes

Paupière¹

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Propositions1. Since tomato pollen is sensitive to temperature variations, results from climate chamber experiments with controlled temperature cannot be extrapolated to pollen thermotolerance in commercial tomato production.(this thesis)2. The pollen isolation protocol is a critical determinant for the success of pollen metabolomics studies.(this thesis)3. The choice of the p-value has an undesirably strong influence on a study's conclusions.4. Nutrition should be considered as the first medicine. MeatlessMonday is an effective policy to reduce global warming.6. The health of science rests on scientist's honesty. If Dutch were not Dutch but French, most of them would not speak EnglishPropositions belonging to the thesis, entitled Contents ___________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 1General introduction 1 Chapter 2The metabolic basis of pollen thermo-tolerance: Perspectives for breeding 13 Chapter 3The effect of isolation methods of tomato pollen on the results of metabolic profiling 39 Chapter 4Untargeted metabolomic analysis of tomato pollen development and heat stress response 63 Chapter 5Screening for pollen tolerance to high temperatures in tomato 83 Chapter 6Metabolites associated with thermo-tolerance of tomato pollen 95 Chapter 7General discussion 133 References Climate changeClimate is unequivocally changing. In 2014, IPCC released the fifth assessment report on climate change and stated that "the atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen" (IPCC 2014). The main cause for this global warming is extremely likely to be due to anthropogenic activities that are widely acknowledged by climate specialists (Cook et al. 2013). Heat waves and extreme temperatures are expected to be more frequent and to last longer (Meehl and Tebaldi 2004). This climate change is expected to affect the world of today in many ways, including the extinction of species that cannot escape their environment and a decrease in food productivity. For instance, the well documented heat wave of 2003 in Europe led to a yield loss of 25% and 21% for maize and wheat in France, respectively, with an overall economic loss in the European Union estimated at 13 billion euros (IPCC 2007). The direct effect on the human population is not to be underestimated, especially if one takes into account that the world population is predicted to rise from 7.3 billion up to 11 billion by the middle of the 21 st century, thus alarming the decision-makers (Porter and Semenov 2005). From the reduction of greenhouse gas emission with the Kyoto protocol (Oberthur and Hermann 1999) to the recent COP21 agreement to limit the temperature increase of 2˚C (Iyer et al. 2015), policymakers mull over mitigation options. A synergy of policies and adaptation strategies may enhance the efficacy to respond to climate change and limit the consequences on living organisms and ecosystems. The adaption of crops is nested in the identification of genotypes tolerant to temperature...

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Pollen grains of heat tolerant tomato cultivars retain higher carbohydrate concentration under heat stress conditions

Cited by 211 publications

References 20 publications

Exploring the natural variation for reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species

Exploring the natural variation for reproductive thermotolerance in wild tomato species

Effects of a brassinosteroid and an ecdysone analogue on pollen germination of rice under heat stress

Identification of metabolites involved in heat stress response in different tomato genotypes

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