Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan

Séguin-SwartzGinette,; Beckie, Hugh J.; WarwickSuzanne, I; RoslinskyVicky,; NettletonJacqueline, A; JohnsonEric, N; FalkKevin, C

doi:10.4141/cjps2013-129

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the assumption of an additive inheritance of erucic acid was confirmed (Table 5), it can be assumed that the field plots were large enough in size, at about 4.5 m by 7.0 m, to secure pollination of sterile female plants predominantly with pollen from the surrounding plants of the same plot. The pollination of sterile plants in the center of the plots with foreign pollen from neighboring plots must have been very low, though it has been demonstrated in studies on pollen‐mediated gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape that pollen of B. napus outcrosses via wind and insects from a few meters to several hundred meters (Cuthbert and McVetty, 2001; Hüsken and Dietz‐Pfeilstetter, 2007; Seguin‐Swartz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Genotype Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape

et al. 2015

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The genetics of seed compounds is complex because seed quality traits might be exclusively determined by the genotype of the female parent or, depending on the genotype of the embryo, may also be affected by the genotype of the pollen parent. For many quality traits of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), the influence of the pollen parent is not well known. In this study, two male sterile lines (female parent) were pollinated by 10 genotypes (pollen parent) differing largely in seed quality. Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Northern Germany, with two replications in 1 yr. Pollen parents were sown in plots and 10 male sterile plants from each female parent were hand planted into the center of each plot. Seeds were harvested from pollen parents and from the interplanted female parents. Seeds were analyzed for oil, protein, and sinapic acid esters by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy; for glucosinolate and tocopherol content by high‐performance liquid chromatography; and for fatty acid content by gas liquid chromatography. Earlier results were confirmed in that fatty acid composition is dependent on the embryo genotype and is therefore largely influenced by the pollen parent. Significant pollen parent effects were also observed for oil content, indole glucosinolate, sinapoylglucose, total sinapic acid ester, and γ‐tocopherol contents. The F1 seed quality was positively correlated with the pollen parent seed quality. In conclusion, not only the fatty acid composition but also other seed quality traits such as oil content are influenced by the genotype of the pollen parent. This should be considered when analyzing open pollinated plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Genotype Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape

et al. 2015

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“…We used five sets of published data representing five major crop species (rice, wheat, maize, oilseed rape, and mustard) from field experiments [ 41 – 45 ] to test the accuracy of our modified PMGF model. The first set of data included PMGF frequencies generated from a transgenic herbicide-resistant rice ( Oryza sativa ) line to a wild rice ( O .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fifth set of data included PMGF frequencies from a transgenic canola ( Brassica napus , AACC genomes) line resistant to herbicide (glyphosate) to its relative mustard ( B . juncea , AABB genomes) for assessing PMGF between different species with divergent genomes [ 45 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the parameters used for the model validation were listed in Table 1 . Among these, the relative pollen release height was estimated as 0.5 m for the monoclinous wheat and oilseed rape assuming the updraft height of pollen grains from donor’s flowers is 0.5 m, using the updraft height of pollen grains of rice as a reference [ 46 ], because the hermaphrodite flowers of donors and recipients in these cases (wheat and Brassica species) are nearly at the same height [ 42 , 44 , 45 ]. The relative pollen release height was estimated as 0.2 m for the crop-to-wild rice gene flow, because the recipient’s flowers (wild rice) were ~0.3 m taller than the donor’s flowers (cultivated rice) [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…rufipogon [ 52 ], because the cultivated rice was used as the pollen donors and wild rice as the pollen recipients [ 41 ]. For the fifth set of data, we set t B as 15.0% according to previous studies [ 53 – 55 ] and calculated δ AB from t B and observed PMGF data, and the wind speed was set as a moderate value of 3 m s −1 because it was not provided in this experiment [ 45 ]. In simulating the first set of data using Eq 5 , we replaced the parameter of the recipient pollen density ( D B ) by the adjusted recipient pollen density ( δ AB × D B ) where pollen competition between GE and non-GE rice lines was considered because the recipient field included both wild and non-GE rice [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Gene Flow Model for Assessing Environmental Impacts of Transgene Escape Based on Biological Parameters and Wind Speed

Wang

Haccou

2016

PLoS ONE

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Environmental impacts caused by transgene flow from genetically engineered (GE) crops to their wild relatives mediated by pollination are longstanding biosafety concerns worldwide. Mathematical modeling provides a useful tool for estimating frequencies of pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) that are critical for assessing such environmental impacts. However, most PMGF models are impractical for this purpose because their parameterization requires actual data from field experiments. In addition, most of these models are usually too general and ignored the important biological characteristics of concerned plant species; and therefore cannot provide accurate prediction for PMGF frequencies. It is necessary to develop more accurate PMGF models based on biological and climatic parameters that can be easily measured in situ. Here, we present a quasi-mechanistic PMGF model that only requires the input of biological and wind speed parameters without actual data from field experiments. Validation of the quasi-mechanistic model based on five sets of published data from field experiments showed significant correlations between the model-simulated and field experimental-generated PMGF frequencies. These results suggest accurate prediction for PMGF frequencies using this model, provided that the necessary biological parameters and wind speed data are available. This model can largely facilitate the assessment and management of environmental impacts caused by transgene flow, such as determining transgene flow frequencies at a particular spatial distance, and establishing spatial isolation between a GE crop and its coexisting non-GE counterparts and wild relatives.

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Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives

Gressel

2014

Pest Management Science

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Genes regularly move within species, to/from crops, as well as to their con- specific progenitors, feral and weedy forms ('vertical' gene flow). Genes occasionally move to/from crops and their distantly related, hardly sexually interbreeding relatives, within a genus or among closely related genera (diagonal gene flow). Regulators have singled out transgene flow as an issue, yet non-transgenic herbicide resistance traits pose equal problems, which cannot be mitigated. The risks are quite different from genes flowing to natural (wild) ecosystems versus ruderal and agroecosystems. Transgenic herbicide resistance poses a major risk if introgressed into weedy relatives; disease and insect resistance less so. Technologies have been proposed to contain genes within crops (chloroplast transformation, male sterility) that imperfectly prevent gene flow by pollen to the wild. Containment does not prevent related weeds from pollinating crops. Repeated backcrossing with weeds as pollen parents results in gene establishment in the weeds. Transgenic mitigation relies on coupling crop protection traits in a tandem construct with traits that lower the fitness of the related weeds. Mitigation traits can be morphological (dwarfing, no seed shatter) or chemical (sensitivity to a chemical used later in a rotation). Tandem mitigation traits are genetically linked and will move together. Mitigation traits can also be spread by inserting them in multicopy transposons which disperse faster than the crop protection genes in related weeds. Thus, there are gene flow risks mainly to weeds from some crop protection traits; risks that can and should be dealt with.

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Pollen-mediated gene flow between glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola and B. juncea and B. carinata mustard crops under large-scale field conditions in Saskatchewan

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Pollen Genotype Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape

Pollen Genotype Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape

High-Resolution Gene Flow Model for Assessing Environmental Impacts of Transgene Escape Based on Biological Parameters and Wind Speed

Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives

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