Pollen Selection for Stress Tolerance or the Advantage of Selecting Before Pollination

Mulcahy, David L.; Mulcahy, Gabriella Bergamini; Popp, Rebecca; Fong, Nathan M.; Pallais, N.; Kalinowski, Andrzej; Marien, Jean-Noël

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73271-3_7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is hypothesized that physiological stresses (higher temperatures, shorter photoperiods during fertilization) during meiosis and (or) the haploid stage may induce either cytoplasmic or nuclear genetic changes that are heritable and persistent. Such a mechanism has been postulated (Cullis 1990) and observed in angiosperm systems (Patterson et al 1987;Zamir et al 1981;Mulcahy et al 1988;. Similar genetic effects have been observed by Greenwood and Hutchison (1996) who found significant segregation distortion in the cab-3 alleles in European larch (Larix decidua Mill.)…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 50%

Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth, and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families

Stoehr¹,

L’Hirondelle²,

Binder³

et al. 1998

Can. J. For. Res.

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Seed orchards for the production of conifer seed in British Columbia are usually located in areas favorable (warm and dry) for flowering and seed development, often considerably south of the source location of the parent trees. Differences in environmental conditions between seed orchard location and location of origin can affect progeny performance. It is suspected that this is caused by environmental factors that affect reproductive processes of parent trees and lead to altered physiological traits (aftereffects). This study examined if aftereffects are present in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Control pollinations were made at two locations, Red Rock, near Prince George (53°N) in central British Columbia, and Kalamalka, near Vernon (50°N) in southern British Columbia, on five female trees using a four-male polymix. Identical genotypes through grafting were present at the two locations. Pollen maturing at each site was only used in the polymix at that particular location. Progeny were raised and germination traits, number of needle primordia, greenhouse and field heights, and frost hardiness were evaluated in a common environment. The location of seed development significantly affected all traits evaluated. Height growth aftereffects in the second field season were much less than those observed in the first field season. These results suggest that aftereffects are detectable in white spruce progeny performance in British Columbia.Résumé : En Colombie-Britannique, les vergers destinés à la production de graines de conifères sont généralement établis dans des endroits favorables (chauds et secs), souvent considérablement plus au sud que l'origine géographique des sources parentales de graines, afin de favoriser la floraison et le développement des graines. Les auteurs rapportent que les différences environnementales entre le lieu d'établissement des vergers à graines et l'origine géographique des sources parentales de graines peuvent affecter la performance des descendances. Ceci serait causé par des facteurs environnementaux affectant les processus de reproduction des arbres parents et menant à l'altération des caractères physiologiques (effets reportés). Les auteurs ont voulu vérifier si ces effets reportés étaient présents chez l'épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Pour ce faire, des croisements contrôlés ont été réalisés dans deux endroits, à Red Rock près de Prince-George (53°N) en Colombie-Britannique centrale, et à Kalamalka, près de Vernon (56°N) en Colombie-Britannique méridionale. Les croisements ont été réalisés sur cinq arbres femelles à l'aide d'un mélange de pollen provenant de quatre arbres mâles. Les génotypes parentaux découlaient de greffes et étaient identiques d'un site à l'autre. Le mélange de pollen utilisé pour chacun des sites provenait de pollen ayant maturé sur le même site. Après avoir mis les descendances en production au sein d'un test comparatif, différents caractères furent évalués : des caractères de germination, le nombre de primordia foliaires, la hauteur e...

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 50%

Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth, and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families

Stoehr¹,

L’Hirondelle²,

Binder³

et al. 1998

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…According to Cruzan (1990), there might exist a relationship between the amount of resources in a pollen grain and its success in fertilizing an ovule. Stanton and Preston (1986) and Mulcahy et al (1988) also suggested that the largest pollen grains produce the fastest growing pollen tubes. In our experiments, an increase in germination speed or pollen-tube growth is thus not due to a greater volume (i.e., a greater amount ofcytoplasm and nutrients) but to a greater number of apertures.…”

Section: Pollen Germination and Pollen-tube Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variability in pollen-tube growth rates and the resulting gametophytic competition have been widely described in the literature (Mulcahy 1974;Mulcahy and Mulcahy, 1987;Mulcahy et al 1988;Ottaviano et al 1988a,b;Sarr et al 1988;Quesada et al 1991;Snow and Spira 1991), but few authors consider the possible influence of pollen morphology on pollen-tube germination and growth rate. In Zea mays (Mulcahy et al 1988) and in several species of Rhododendron (Williams and Rouse 1990), pollen-tube growth rate is correlated with pollen-grain volume. Almost all studies on gametophytic competition assume that germination of pollen grains on the stigma is synchronous, and that gametophytic competition is due only to differences in pollentube growth rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen Aperture Polymorphism and Gametophyte Performance in Viola diversifolia

Dajoz¹,

Till–Bottraud²,

Gouyon³

1993

Evolution

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Pollen aperture polymorphism is studied in Viola diversifolia, where all plants produce three-and four-apertured pollen grains. We tested whether there are genetic differences among plants for the proportions of the different pollen morphs, and whether the morphs differ in gametophytic performance. Results show that the more apertures a pollen grain has, the more quickly it germinates but that few-apertured pollen grains have faster growing pollen tubes and longer life expectancies. The proportions of the different pollen morphs, together with pollen tube growth rates, may be inherited traits based on differences among maternal families. These results suggest that the different pollen morphs are favored in different pollination ecology situations. The production of several pollen morphs by the same individual could therefore be evolutionarily advantageous.

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“…However, similarly to animals, it is difficult to disentangle female choice from male–male competition, and studies showing some advantage of one pollen type (i.e. bigger pollen grains have faster pollen tubes; Stanton & Preston, 1986; Mulcahy et al. , 1988) can be interpreted as either CFC or male–male competition.…”

Section: Cryptic Female Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and sperm heteromorphism: convergence across kingdoms?

Till–Bottraud

Joly

Lachaise

et al. 2005

J of Evolutionary Biology

102

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Sperm competition theory predicts that males should produce many, similar sperm. However, in some species of animals and plants, males exhibit a heteromorphism that results in the production of at least two different types of sperm or pollen grains. In animals, sperm heteromorphism typically corresponds to the production of one fertile morph and one (or more) sterile morph(s), whereas in plants two or more pollen morphs (one of which can be either sterile or fertile) are produced in all flowers but sometimes in different anthers. Heteromorphism has arisen independently several times across phyla and at different phylogenetic levels. Here, we compare and contrast sperm and pollen heteromorphism and discuss the evolutionary hypotheses suggested to explain heteromorphism in these taxa. These hypotheses include facilitation, nutritive contribution, blocking, cheap filler, sperm flushing or killing for animals; outcrossing and precise cross‐pollen transfer or bet‐hedging strategy for plants; cryptic female choice for both. We conclude that heteromorphism in the two phyla is most likely linked to a general evolutionary response to sexual selection, either to increase one male's sperm or pollen success in competition with other males, or mediate male/female interactions. Therefore, although sperm and pollen are not homologous, we suggest that heteromorphism represents an example of convergence across kingdoms.

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Pollen Selection for Stress Tolerance or the Advantage of Selecting Before Pollination

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth, and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families

Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth, and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families

Pollen Aperture Polymorphism and Gametophyte Performance in Viola diversifolia

Pollen and sperm heteromorphism: convergence across kingdoms?

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