Pollen Transmission of <i>Asparagus virus 2</i> (AV-2) May Facilitate Mixed Infection by Two AV-2 Isolates in Asparagus Plants

Kawamura, Ryuusuke; Shimura, Hanako; Mochizuki, Tomofumi; Ohki, Satoshi T.; Masuta, Chikara

doi:10.1094/phyto-12-13-0348-r

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Several ilarviruses and other members of family Bromoviridae were shown to be horizontally transmitted through pollen (Gilmer and Way 1960; George and Davidson 1963; Sdoodee and Teakle 1988; Greber et al 1991; Mink 1993; Sdoodee and Teakle 1993; Aparicio et al 1999; Card et al 2007; Kawamura et al 2014; Jaspers et al 2015). In some cases, ilarviruses were also reported to be associated with pollen surfaces or exine (Hamilton 1977; Digiaro and Savino 1992; Fetters et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and pathobiology of an ilarvirus unexpectedly detected in diverse host plants and in global sequencing data

Rivarez

Faure

Svanella-Dumas

et al. 2022

Preprint

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High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and sequence mining tools revolutionized virus detection and discovery in recent years and implementing them with classical plant virology techniques results to a powerful approach to characterize viruses. An example of a virus discovered through HTS is Solanum nigrum ilarvirus 1 (SnIV1) (familyBromoviridae), which was recently reported in various solanaceous plants from France, Slovenia, Greece, and South Africa. It was likewise detected in grapevines (Vitaceae) and severalFabaceaeandRosaceaeplant species. Such a very diverse host association is atypical for ilarviruses, thus warranted further investigation. In this study, modern and classical virological tools were combined to accelerate the characterization of SnIV1. Through HTS-based virome surveys, mining of sequence read archive datasets, and literature search, SnIV1 was further identified from diverse plant and non-plant sources globally. SnIV1 isolates showed relatively low variability compared to other phylogenetically related ilarviruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed a distinct basal clade of isolates from Europe, while the rest formed clades of mixed geographic origin. Furthermore, systemic infection of SnIV1 inSolanum villosumand its mechanical and graft transmissibility to solanaceous species were demonstrated. Near identical SnIV1 genomes from the inoculum (S. villosum) and inoculatedNicotiana benthamianawere sequenced, thus partially fulfilling Kochs postulates. SnIV1 was shown to be seed-transmitted and potentially pollen-borne, has spherical virions, and possibly induces histopathological changes in infectedN. benthamianaleaf tissues. Overall, this study provided information to better understand the diversity, distribution, and pathobiology of SnIV1, but whether it could emerge as a destructive pathogen remains uncertain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and pathobiology of an ilarvirus unexpectedly detected in diverse host plants and in global sequencing data

Rivarez

Faure

Svanella-Dumas

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Shimura et al (2013) further revealed low genetic variability among AV-2 isolates and clarified the function of the 2b protein of AV-2 as an RNA suppressor. Subsequently, Kawamura et al (2014) suggested the involvement of pollen transmission in co-infection by two AV-2 isolates in plants.…”

Section: Realm Riboviria Phylum Duplornaviricota Kingdom Orthornavira...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant viruses and viroids in Japan

et al. 2022

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An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological innovation. Herein, the official changes of virus taxonomy, including the establishment of megataxonomy and amendments of the codes of virus classification and nomenclature, recently made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses were summarized. The continued efforts of the plant virology community of Japan to index all plant viruses and viroids occurring in Japan, which represent 407 viruses, including 303 virus species and 104 unclassified viruses, and 25 viroids, including 20 species and 5 unclassified viroids, as of October 2021, were also introduced. These viruses and viroids are collectively classified into 81 genera within 26 families of 3 kingdoms (Shotokuvirae, Orthornavirae, Pararnavirae) across 2 realms (Monodnaviria and Riboviria). This review also overviewed how Japan’s plant virus/viroid studies have contributed to advance virus/viroid taxonomy.

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“…Asparagus virus 2 (AV2) is a member of ilarvirus subgroup 2. AV2 is transmitted by seeds and pollen, but also mechanically by sap-contaminated tools during harvesting (Jaspers et al, 1999; Kawamura et al, 2014). It was shown that AV2 is capable of infecting by sap inoculation at least twenty-seven species of herbaceous plants in seven families, including Chenopodium quinoa and various tobacco species, which makes AV2 a good model for ilarvirus research (Fujisawa et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that AV2 is capable of infecting by sap inoculation at least twenty-seven species of herbaceous plants in seven families, including Chenopodium quinoa and various tobacco species, which makes AV2 a good model for ilarvirus research (Fujisawa et al, 1983). Despite the fact that AV2-infected asparagus plants do not display visible symptoms, infection leads to a significant reduction in yield resulting in serious economic losses (Jaspers et al, 1999; Kawamura et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

Lukhovitskaya,

Brown,

Hua

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ilarviruses are a relatively understudied but important group of plant RNA viruses that includes a number of crop pathogens. Their genomes comprise three RNA segments encoding two replicase subunits, movement protein, coat protein (CP), and (in some ilarvirus subgroups) a protein that suppresses RNA silencing. Here we report that, in many ilarviruses, RNA3 encodes an additional protein (termed CP-RT) as a result of ribosomal readthrough of the CP stop codon into a short downstream readthrough (RT) ORF. Using asparagus virus 2 as a model, we find that CP-RT is expressed in planta where it functions as a weak suppressor of RNA silencing. CP-RT expression is essential for persistent systemic infection in leaves and shoot apical meristem. CP-RT function is dependent on a putative zinc-finger motif within RT. Replacing the asparagus virus 2 RT with the RT of an ilarvirus from a different subgroup restored the ability to establish persistent infection. These findings open up a new avenue for research on ilarvirus silencing suppression persistent meristem invasion and vertical transmission.

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Pollen Transmission of Asparagus virus 2 (AV-2) May Facilitate Mixed Infection by Two AV-2 Isolates in Asparagus Plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Diversity and pathobiology of an ilarvirus unexpectedly detected in diverse host plants and in global sequencing data

Diversity and pathobiology of an ilarvirus unexpectedly detected in diverse host plants and in global sequencing data

Plant viruses and viroids in Japan

A novel ilarvirus protein CP-RT is expressed via stop codon readthrough and suppresses RDR6-dependent RNA silencing

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