Pollination Biology, Seed Production, and Population Structure in Queen‐of‐the‐prairie, Filipendula Rubra (Rosaceae) at Botkin Fen, Missouri

Aspinwall, Nevin; Christian, Terry

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb14583.x

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This has been invoked to explain the reduced fecundity in small endangered populations of self-incompatible plants (for example, Les et al 1991;Aspinwall and Christian 1992;Demauro 1993;Byers 1995). We found a quite high number of S-alleles in all populations except the smallest, Punta Calcina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Balancing Selection in the Wild: Testing Population Genetics Theory of Self-Incompatibility in the Rare SpeciesBrassica insularis

Glémin¹,

et al. 2005

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Self-incompatibility (SI) systems are widespread mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in angiosperms. They are generally encoded by one genome region containing several multiallelic genes, usually called the S-locus. They involve a recognition step between the pollen and the pistil component and pollen is rejected when it shares alleles with the pistil. The direct consequence is that rare alleles are favored, such that the S-alleles are subject to negative frequency-dependent selection. Several theoretical articles have predicted the specific patterns of polymorphism, compared to neutral loci, expected for such genes under balancing selection. For instance, many more alleles should be maintained and populations should be less differentiated than for neutral loci. However, empirical tests of these predictions in natural populations have remained scarce. Here, we compare the genetic structure at the S-locus and microsatellite markers for five natural populations of the rare species Brassica insularis. As in other Brassica species, B. insularis has a sporophytic SI system for which molecular markers are available. Our results match well the theoretical predictions and constitute the first general comparison of S-allele and neutral polymorphism.H OMOMORPHIC self-incompatibility (SI) systems are widespread physiological mechanisms preventing self-fertilization in Angiosperms by controlling pollen germination or pollen tube growth (De Nettancourt 2001). Pollen and pistil are incompatible when they both express identical alleles. The recognition involves specificity molecules usually encoded by one genome region containing several multiallelic genes (De Nettancourt 2001). In gametophytic (GSI) systems, the pollen phenotype is encoded by its own haploid genome, whereas in sporophytic (SSI) systems, the pollen phenotype is determined by the sporophyte (diploid pollen parent) and can involve dominance interactions among alleles. For instance, two classes of alleles are known in Brassica oleracea (Nasrallah 1991). Class I alleles are dominant over the class II alleles in the pollen, while alleles within class I and class II are mutually codominant. In the pistil, all alleles are codominant. This scheme is also found in B. campestris, with the exception that alleles occur in three dominance levels in the pollen and a few alleles are recessive in the stigma (Hatakeyama et al. 1998). At the molecular level, the SSI system of the Brassicaceae is among the best known (for a recent review see Hiscock and McInnis 2003). Both pistil and pollen genes have been identified (Schopfer et al. 1999;Takayama et al. 2000). In this system, recognition proceeds through receptor-ligand interaction between S-locus cysteinerich protein (SCR), a small hypervariable ligand peptide, and S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), a transmembrane receptor with an intracellular kinase domain (Kachroo et al. 2001).SI evolutionary properties have also long aroused the population geneticist's interest because selection pressures are known a priori. C...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Balancing Selection in the Wild: Testing Population Genetics Theory of Self-Incompatibility in the Rare SpeciesBrassica insularis

Glémin¹,

et al. 2005

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“…This study (17) demonstrates how extensive clonal propagation and biased morph ratios disrupt the maintenance of heterostyly, leading to reduced fertility and sterile populations. Other examples of reduced fertility owing to insufficient pollen delivery are also reported from clonal species with other sexual polymorphisms [e.g., gynodioecy in Glechoma hederacea (18) and homomorphic self-incompatibility in Filipendula rubra (19)]. …”

Section: Clonality In Plants With Sexual Polymorphismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influences of clonality on plant sexual reproduction

Barrett

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

220

195

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Flowering plants possess an unrivaled diversity of mechanisms for achieving sexual and asexual reproduction, often simultaneously. The commonest type of asexual reproduction is clonal growth (vegetative propagation) in which parental genotypes (genets) produce vegetative modules (ramets) that are capable of independent growth, reproduction, and often dispersal. Clonal growth leads to an expansion in the size of genets and increased fitness because large floral displays increase fertility and opportunities for outcrossing. Moreover, the clonal dispersal of vegetative propagules can assist "mate finding," particularly in aquatic plants. However, there are ecological circumstances in which functional antagonism between sexual and asexual reproductive modes can negatively affect the fitness of clonal plants. Populations of heterostylous and dioecious species have a small number of mating groups (two or three), which should occur at equal frequency in equilibrium populations. Extensive clonal growth and vegetative dispersal can disrupt the functioning of these sexual polymorphisms, resulting in biased morph ratios and populations with a single mating group, with consequences for fertility and mating. In populations in which clonal propagation predominates, mutations reducing fertility may lead to sexual dysfunction and even the loss of sex. Recent evidence suggests that somatic mutations can play a significant role in influencing fitness in clonal plants and may also help explain the occurrence of genetic diversity in sterile clonal populations. Highly polymorphic genetic markers offer outstanding opportunities for gaining novel insights into functional interactions between sexual and clonal reproduction in flowering plants.clonal growth | dioecy | geitonogamy | heterostyly | somatic mutations

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“…Indirect evidence on the effect of the number of incompatibility alleles on MA comes from studies on species with SI that report a significant correlation between seed set and population size (Agren 1996) or number of genets in populations of a clonal species (Aspinwall and Christian 1992). Reinartz and Les (1994) found a larger variance in MA for female than for male function in Aster furcatus, and saw this as reflecting the expression of dominance in the style rather than in the pollen.…”

Section: Empirical Investigations On Self-incompatibility Systems In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar argument has been invoked by Colas et al (1997) to explain a lack of successful colonization of suitable sites by Centaurea corymbosa, an SI, narrow endemic species. For clonal species with SI systems, geitonogamous pollination within genetically uniform patches causes a reduction in MA that hampers sexual reproduction (Thien et al 1983;Aspinwall and Christian 1992;DeMauro 1993;Reinartz and Les 1994). Mate availability in small populations with multi allelic SI systems may be so low that reduced seed set is inevitable (Les et al 1991;Byers and Meagher 1992;Godt and Hamrick 1995).…”

Section: The Effect Of Fecundity Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mate Availability and Fecundity Selection in Multi-Allelic Self-Incompatibility Systems in Plants

1998

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Abstract.-We investigate mate availability in different models of multiallelic self-incompatibility systems in mutationselection-drift balance in finite populations. Substantial differences among self-incompatibility systems occur in average mate availability, and in variances of mate availability among individual plants. These differences are most pronounced in small populations in which low mate availability may reduce seed set in some types of sporophytic self-incompatibility. In cases where the pollination system causes a restriction in the number of pollen genotypes available to an individual plant, the fecundity of that plant depends on the availability of compatible pollen, which is determined by its genotype at the incompatibility locus. This leads to an additional component of selection acting on selfincompatibility systems, which we term "fecundity selection." Fecundity selection increases the number of alleles maintained in finite populations and increases mate availability in small populations. The strength of fecundity selection is dependent on the type of self-incompatibility. In some cases, fecundity selection markedly alters the equilibrium dynamics of self-incompatibility alleles. We discuss the population genetic consequences of mate availability and fecundity selection in the contexts of conservation management of self-incompatible plant species and experimental investigations on self-incompatibility in natural populations.Key words.-Fecundity selection, mate availability, plant mating systems, self-incompatibility.Received May 21, 1997. Accepted September 29, 1997.A key feature of self-incompatibility (SI) systems in plants is the mate availability or proportion of compatible matings in a population (Bateman 1952;de Nettancourt 1977). A mating is the transfer of pollen from a paternally acting individual to the stigma of a maternally acting individual, and the mating is incompatible if pollen and stigma share the same phenotype with respect to SL Mate availability of an individual can therefore be defined as the likelihood that a randomly chosen mate is compatible. Darwin (1877) first noted that SI in distylous species causes each plant to be cross-sterile with "half its brethren," that is, reduces mate availability to 50%. The consequences of limited mate availability for the evolution of SI systems were discussed by Charlesworth (1988) and Lloyd and Webb (1992), and limited mate availability has been invoked in comparisons of reproductive efficiency in dioecy versus gametophytic SI (Anderson andStebbins 1984, 1994;Karoly 1994). Conservation management in endangered plant species with SI systems also involves the consideration of mate availability (e.g. Byers and Meagher 1992;DeMauro 1993;Godt and Hamrick 1995). The number of alleles maintained in small populations with multiallelic SI systems is expected to be low (Wright 1939;Imrie et al. 1972), and therefore mate availability is expected to be generally low. Low mate availability may add to a crisis by causing low seed set (Les et al. 199...

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Pollination Biology, Seed Production, and Population Structure in Queen‐of‐the‐prairie, Filipendula Rubra (Rosaceae) at Botkin Fen, Missouri

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Balancing Selection in the Wild: Testing Population Genetics Theory of Self-Incompatibility in the Rare SpeciesBrassica insularis

Balancing Selection in the Wild: Testing Population Genetics Theory of Self-Incompatibility in the Rare SpeciesBrassica insularis

Influences of clonality on plant sexual reproduction

Mate Availability and Fecundity Selection in Multi-Allelic Self-Incompatibility Systems in Plants

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