Pollination by deceit and floral mimesis inThelymitra antennifera (Orchidaceae)

Dafni, Amots; Calder, D. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00936140

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Hover flies (Syrphidae), thrips, or other pollinivorous insects have access to these exposed pollinia and may damage them while feeding. As hoverflies were observed feeding on stigmatic fluids in this study, and in earlier publications (Cady and Rotherham 1970;Dafni and Calder 1987) these insects may also contribute interspecific hybridization when they carry pollinia fragments on their mouthparts between co-blooming species. A second explanation may be based in part on visual vs. pollinator memory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Remnants of the pollinia were found, once again, on the dorsum of the bees' abdomen. Similar observations, collections, and abdominal depositions of pollinaria were found on bees collected on large-flowered T. antennifera (Dafni and Calder 1987), T. epipactoides (Cropper and Calder 1990), and T. ixioides (Sydes and Calder 1993). The dominant pollinators of all three species were female, native, and polylectic bees in families Apidae and Halictidae.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Rogers (1913) dissected fresh flowers of T. antennifera and insisted this species was unable to self-pollinate. This was confirmed by the field studies of Dafni and Calder (1987). Thelymitra crinita and T. macrophylla now join a small, but increasing number of populations of large-flowered Thelymitra species that fail to self-pollinate when pollinators fail to arrive (Cropper and Calder 1990;Sydes and Calder 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…This study also adds members of the genera Homalictus (Halictidae) and Amegilla (Apidae) to the list of potential pollinators of large, blue-flowered species. Thelymitra macrophylla and T. crinita also appear to belong to a small but increasing number of large-flowered species exploiting females of Lasioglossum (subgenera Chilalictus, Parasphecodes; Halictidae; see Bernhardt and Burns-Balogh 1986;Dafni and Calder 1987;Sydes and Calder 1993). What do the genera Amegilla, Exoneura, Homalictus, Leioproctus and Nomia, representing three different families, have in common aside from some species making infrequent visits to Thelymitra species?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral biology of large-flowered Thelymitra species (Orchidaceae) and their hybrids in Western Australia

Edens-Meier¹,

Westhus²,

Bernhardt³

2013

Telopea

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Historically, only a few large flowered species in the genus Thelymitra were identified as obligate out-breeders. We compared floral presentation, pollen-pistil interactions, pollination ecology, and interspecific hybridization in two populations of T. macrophylla where its flowering periods overlapped with T. antennifera (Tenterden) and T. crinita (Lesmurdie) respectively. Pollen-pistil interactions were studied using glasshouse collections of T. crinita and T. macrophylla at KPBG. The number of flowers per inflorescence in T. macrophylla varied significantly between sites. Climatic conditions influenced flower opening and closing regimes differently in T. crinita vs. T. macrophylla. While all three Thelymitra species opened on warm, sunny mornings and closed by late afternoon, T. crinita at Lesmurdie was significantly more likely to open its perianth segments on cool days compared to the co-blooming, sympatric flowers of T. macrophylla. The floral lifespans of individual flowers of T. macrophylla and T. crinita were reduced significantly following application of Thelymitra pollen onto the stigmatic surface but were not reduced by pollinarium removal. Flowers of both species were self-compatible but neither species self-pollinated mechanically (autogamy). Fluorescence microscopy also showed that both species were inter-compatible. Natural rates of pollinarium removal by insects were low in all three species at both sites. Natural rates of pollen deposition on receptive stigmas were significantly higher in T. crinita vs. T. macrophylla but pollen deposition was less than 12% in both species. Observations and collections of pollinators were infrequent and pollinaria vectors were restricted to a few polylectic, female bees in the families Apidae, Colletidae, and Halictidae. We found a large number of hybrids between T. antennifera and T. macrophylla at Tenterden but few obvious hybrids between T. crinita and T. macrophylla at Lesmurdie. As expected, all hybrids showed characteristics intermediate between their two putative parent species, including pollen configuration in the T. crinita × T. macrophylla specimens. Due to malformations of the column, the majority of T. antennifera × T. macrophylla flowers appeared unable to attach their pollinia to their respective rostella.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Floral biology of large-flowered Thelymitra species (Orchidaceae) and their hybrids in Western Australia

Edens-Meier¹,

Westhus²,

Bernhardt³

2013

Telopea

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“…Esse tipo de mimetismo de um modelo generalizado é o mais comum em Orchidaceae, encontrado em 8.000 a 10.000 espécies na família (Ackerman 1981, 1986a, b, Dafni & Calder 1987, Catling & Catling 1991, Nilsson 1992, Johnson 1993, sendo o mimetismo Batesiano de ocorrência rara (Johnson 1994(Johnson , 2000. Devido à capacidade de aprendizado dos polinizadores, especialmente das abelhas, flores de engodo recebem menor visitação e, conseqüentemente, apresentam menor frutificação do que espécies que oferecem recompensa, uma vez que, nas primeiras, os animais tendem a não retornar às flores (Ackerman 1975, Dafni & Calder 1987, Braga 1977, Montalvo & Ackerman 1987, Gill 1989, Nilsson, 1992, Rodrígues-Robles et al 1992, Sabat & Ackerman 1996, Borba & Semir 1998). Este mecanismo seria uma exploração do comportamento instintivo de forrageamento dos insetos, especialmente de abelhas, sendo a maioria das visitas exploratórias por abelhas jovens, em busca de recursos alimentares ou por abelhas que estão explorando recursos adicionais durante um período de mudança na floração das espécies da comunidade (Ackerman 1981, 1986a, b, Little 1983, Nilsson 1992, Johnson 1993.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Borba

Braga

2003

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Reproductive biology of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis Porto & Brade (Orchidaceae): melittophyly and selfcompatibility in a basal Laeliinae). The floral biology, mating systems and phenology of Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae), in the "Estação de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti", São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Minas Gerais state was studied. This species flowers from April to September, with a higher availability of flowers in June and July. The flowers are dark-pink, strongly zygomorphic, and have osmophores and nectar-guides absorbing ultraviolet light. However, the flowers of P. corcovadensis do not present nectar and are pollinated by Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus Franklin, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by deceit. Apparently, the flowers do not form a model-mimic pair with other species in the community, but mimic a generalized melittophilous food-flower. As a consequence, visits are very rare and fruit set is low (18%). Pseudolaelia corcovadensis is self-compatible and presents inbreeding depression in the early stages of development. The phylogenetic position of the genus Pseudolaelia and studies on floral biology in related genera suggest that melittophyly and selfcompatibility are basal characters in the subtribe Laeliinae, with subsequent adaptive radiation to pollination by hummingbirds, Lepidoptera, Diptera and other Hymenoptera.

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Effect of pollination success on floral longevity in the orchidCalypso bulbosa(Orchidaceae)

Proctor

Harder

1995

American J of Botany

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The lifespan of an individual flower is often affected by pollination success. Species differ regarding whether male function (pollen removal), female function (pollen deposition), or both trigger floral senescence. We studied senescence in the singleflowered, deceptive orchid Calypso bulbosa by manipulating the degree of male and female reproductive success. We found that deposition of any amount of pollen resulted in dramatic changes in shape and color within 4 d, whereas unmanipulated flowers and those that had had pollinia removed remained unchanged for 8‐11 d after treatment. Selection may favor the reproductive function that is less easily satisfied as the trigger for senescence, because a flower that senesces after accomplishment of this function is likely to have already succeeded at the more easily satisfied one. Deceptive (i.e., rewardless) flowers are more likely to satisfy male than female function since the latter requires that a pollinator be fooled twice, first to pick up pollen and second to deposit it. A survey of naturally pollinated Calypso showed that male function, pollinium removal, was more likely to occur than female function, deposition (95% vs. 66% of visited flowers); thus floral senescence in Calypso is triggered by achievement of the function less likely to succeed. Studies of senescence triggers in species in which female function is more likely to be achieved than male are necessary to further test this hypothesis.

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Pollination by deceit and floral mimesis inThelymitra antennifera (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Floral biology of large-flowered Thelymitra species (Orchidaceae) and their hybrids in Western Australia

Floral biology of large-flowered Thelymitra species (Orchidaceae) and their hybrids in Western Australia

Biologia reprodutiva de Pseudolaelia corcovadensis (Orchidaceae): melitofilia e autocompatibilidade em uma Laeliinae basal

Effect of pollination success on floral longevity in the orchidCalypso bulbosa(Orchidaceae)

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