Pollination Ecology and Floral Biology of Four Weedy Genera in Southern Oklahoma

Hardin, James W.; Doerksen, G. P.; Herndon, Dale; Hobson, Melinda; Thomas, Freeman

doi:10.2307/3670071

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Once established, S. carolinense spreads via horizontal, rhizome-like roots that extend up to 1 m from the parent stem [36]. Though self-incompatibility (SI) is uncommon in weeds [37,38], horsenettle exhibits a typical solanaceous-type ribonuclease-mediated gametophytic SI system [39,40]. However, the SI system in S. carolinense is leaky, and the likelihood of selfing is influenced by flower age, prior fruit production [41,42], and the presence of certain S alleles [42].…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) The Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) alters night-time volatile emissions that guide oviposition byManduca sextamoths

et al. 2013

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Plant volatiles serve as key foraging and oviposition cues for insect herbivores as well as their natural enemies, but little is known about how genetic variation within plant populations influences volatile-mediated interactions among plants and insects. Here, we explore how inbred and outbred plants from three maternal families of the native weed horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) vary in the emission of volatile organic compounds during the dark phase of the photoperiod, and the effects of this variation on the oviposition preferences of Manduca sexta moths, whose larvae are specialist herbivores of Solanaceae. Compared with inbred plants, outbred plants consistently released more total volatiles at night and more individual compounds-including some previously reported to repel moths and attract predators. Female moths overwhelmingly chose to lay eggs on inbred (versus outbred) plants, and this preference persisted when olfactory cues were presented in the absence of visual and contact cues. These results are consistent with our previous findings that inbred plants recruit more herbivores and suffer greater herbivory under field conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that constitutive volatiles released during the dark portion of the photoperiod can convey accurate information about plant defence status (and/or other aspects of host plant quality) to foraging herbivores.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) The Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) alters night-time volatile emissions that guide oviposition byManduca sextamoths

et al. 2013

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“…3 cm in diameter, with five partially fused white to violet petals; five stamens with short filaments and large yellow anthers (6-9 mm long) grow together and surround the exerted pistil. The flowers are visited by pollen-gathering bees, which must vibrate the flowers to remove pollen from the poricidal anthers (Hardin et al 1972). Inflorescences consist of 1-20 flowers that mature acropetally.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. carolinense has a fully functional gametophytic SI system, typical of the Solanaceae (Hardin et al 1972;Richman et al 1995). Unlike most self-incompatible plants, however, S. carolinense is a weed that inhabits early successional habitats, waste places, crop fields and pastures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sheltered load on reproduction in Solanum carolinense, a species with variable self-incompatibility

2009

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In previous studies, we have investigated the strength of self-incompatibility (SI) in Solanum carolinense, a highly successful weed with a fully functional SI system that inhabits early successional and other disturbed habitats. We have found that the SI response in S. carolinense is a plastic trait-its strength being affected by the age of the flowers, and the presence of developing fruits and that there are genetic differences among families in their self-fertility. However, in species with a fully functional SI response, selfing would not be that common. As a result, deleterious recessives scattered though the genome of horsenettle are only occasionally exposed to selection. It has been suggested that deleterious recessives accumulate near S-alleles in strong SI species because the S-locus is located in a non-recombining region of the genome and because strong S-alleles are never in the homozygous state, thus sheltering some of the genetic load near the S-locus from selection. We performed a series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments to determine the extent to which sheltered load adds to the overall magnitude of inbreeding depression in horsenettle. Specifically, we amplified and sequenced the S-alleles from 16 genets collected from a large population in Pennsylvania and performed a series of controlled self-pollinations. We then grew the selfed progeny in the greenhouse; recorded various measures of growth and reproductive output; and amplified and sequenced their S-allele(s). We found that the heterozygous progeny of self-pollinations produce more flowers and have a greater ability to set both self and cross seed than S-homozygous progeny. We also found evidence of variation in the magnitude of load among S-alleles. These results suggest that sheltered load might slow the fixation of weak (partially compatible) S-alleles in this population, thus adding to the maintenance of a mixed mating system rather than leading to the fixation of the selfing alleles.

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“…The chromosome number of n : 12 has been determined for plants of buffalobur in Canada (Crompton and Bassett 1976), Mexico (Whalen 1979a) and in the United States (Hardin et al 1972 (Ilnicki et al 1962) including the tomato leafspot funEvs, Septoria lycopersicl (Pritchard and Porte 192 I ) . The weed is also host for mosaic viruses of potato and tomato (Muenscher 1955) and pepper maggot, an insect pest of peppers in southwestern Ontario and southward (Foott 1963 (Case 1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 78. Solanum carolinense L. and Solanum rostratum Dunal

Bassett¹,

Munro²

1986

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Pollination Ecology and Floral Biology of Four Weedy Genera in Southern Oklahoma

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

Inbreeding in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) alters night-time volatile emissions that guide oviposition byManduca sextamoths

Inbreeding in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) alters night-time volatile emissions that guide oviposition byManduca sextamoths

The effect of sheltered load on reproduction in Solanum carolinense, a species with variable self-incompatibility

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 78. Solanum carolinense L. and Solanum rostratum Dunal

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