Pollination-induced ethylene promotes the early phase of pollen tube growth inPetunia inflata

Holden, Margaret; Marty, Jerry A.; Singh-Cundy, Anu

doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00929

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies in petunia, Phalaenopsis spp., and carnation have shown that ethylene synthesis is temporally and spatially regulated in the flower and coordinates developmental changes such as pollen tube growth, petal senescence, and ovule development (O'Neill et al, 1993;Tang and Woodson, 1996;Bui and O'Neill, 1998;Jones and Woodson, 1999;Holden et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2003). Results presented here, combined with Negre et al (2003), show that ethylene has direct control of VOC biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petunia flowers spatially and temporally produce ethylene in response to pollination in order to coordinate postpollination changes in the individual floral organs (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986;Holden et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2003). PhBSMT expression levels were measured in individual floral organs of MD and transgenic ethylene-insensitive 35S::etr1-1 (44568) to examine the spatial and temporal pattern of mRNA regulation after pollination and exogenous ethylene treatments.…”

Section: Regulation In Petunia Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petunia (Petunia 3 hybrida) is an excellent model system for studying postpollination responses because ethylene synthesis has been well characterized (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986;Tang and Woodson, 1996;Jones et al, 2003) and components of the ethylene-signaling pathway have been investigated (Wilkinson et al, 1997;Shibuya et al, 2004). In petunia, ethylene synchronizes pollen tube growth (Holden et al, 2003) and petal wilting (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986;Gubrium et al, 2000). An initial burst of ethylene is produced from the stigma/style within 2 to 4 h after pollination (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986), when pollen tubes have just started to germinate and grow into the stigma (Tang and Woodson, 1996).…”

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Ethylene-Regulated Floral Volatile Synthesis in Petunia Corollas

et al. 2005

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In many flowering plants, such as petunia (Petunia 3 hybrida), ethylene produced in floral organs after pollination elicits a series of physiological and biochemical events, ultimately leading to senescence of petals and successful fertilization. Here, we demonstrate, using transgenic ethylene insensitive (44568) and Mitchell Diploid petunias, that multiple components of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are regulated by ethylene. Expression of benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (PhBSMT1 and 2) mRNA is temporally and spatially down-regulated in floral organs in a manner consistent with current models for postpollination ethylene synthesis in petunia corollas. Emission of methylbenzoate and other VOCs after pollination and exogenous ethylene treatment parallels a reduction in PhBSMT1 and 2 mRNA levels. Under cyclic light conditions (day/night), PhBSMT mRNA levels are rhythmic and precede emission of methylbenzoate by approximately 6 h. When shifted into constant dark or light conditions, PhBSMT mRNA levels and subsequent methylbenzoate emission correspondingly decrease or increase to minimum or maximum levels observed during normal conditions, thus suggesting that light may be a more critical influence on cyclic emission of methylbenzoate than a circadian clock. Transgenic PhBSMT RNAi flowers with reduced PhBSMT mRNA levels show a 75% to 99% decrease in methylbenzoate emission, with minimal changes in other petunia VOCs. These results implicate PhBSMT1 and 2 as genes responsible for synthesis of methylbenzoate in petunia.Many flowers exhibit a colorful display of petals and emit a complex mixture of floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are together attractive to both pollinators and humans. Regulation of floral volatiles corresponds to pollinator activity times and receptivity of the flower to a pollination event (Dudareva et al., 2000;Schiestl and Ayasse, 2001). In many flowers, physiological changes take place following pollination and fertilization including petal wilting and abscission, color changes, flower closure, fruit development, and seed development (for review, see O'Neill, 1997). The plant hormone ethylene has been shown to coordinate several of these postpollination processes in many different plant species (van Doorn, 1997).In many plants, ethylene is synthesized and perceived in a localized, specific, and reproducible manner after pollination, underscoring the importance of understanding the progression of events and role of ethylene during pollination and fertilization. Petunia (Petunia 3 hybrida) is an excellent model system for studying postpollination responses because ethylene synthesis has been well characterized (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986;Tang and Woodson, 1996;Jones et al., 2003) and components of the ethylene-signaling pathway have been investigated (Wilkinson et al., 1997;Shibuya et al., 2004). In petunia, ethylene synchronizes pollen tube growth (Holden et al., 2003) and petal wilting (Hoekstra and Weges, 1986;Gubrium et al., 2000). An initial bur...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation In Petunia Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ethylene-Regulated Floral Volatile Synthesis in Petunia Corollas

et al. 2005

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“…In Petunia inflata, pollen tube growth was not affected by the amount of pollen for 6 h after pollination (Holden et al, 2003). We observed that pollen tubes similarly grew in the upper part of the style in both all area-and 1/8 area-pollinated flowers 1 day after pollination.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Furthermore, the pattern of expression of ACC synthase-and ACC oxidase-coding genes was correlated with pollen-tube growth in tobacco (Sanchez and Mariani, 2002). In Petunia inflata, pollen tube growth was delayed by the pretreatment of pistils with 1-methylcyclopropene (Holden et al, 2003). In Eustoma, pollen tube growth was correlated with ethylene production induced by pollination.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 86%

Senescence of Eustoma Flowers as Affected by Pollinated Area of the Stigmatic Surface

Shimizu-Yumoto¹,

Ichimura²

2006

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Senescence of Eustoma flowers is accelerated by pollination which is accompanied by an increase in ethylene production by flowers. We investigated the influence of pollinating different areas of the stigmatic surface on senescence in the flowers of 6 Eustoma cultivars. Anthers were removed from the flowers whose stigma had not yet opened. After the stigmas opened, freshly collected pollen from anthers of same cultivar were placed on them. The pollination levels on stigma were all area, 1/8 area or none (control). Senescence of flowers was significantly accelerated by all and 1/8 area pollination compared with the control. All areapollinated flowers wilted significantly earlier than did 1/8 area-pollinated ones in three cultivars. In the remaining three cultivars, senescence of flowers by all area pollination tended to be earlier than that of 1/8 area pollination. In 'Asuka-no-nami' flowers, ethylene production of flowers rapidly increased 1 day after all area pollination. However, in flowers with 1/8 area pollination, ethylene production slowly increased for 3 days after pollination. A large number of pollen tubes reached the base of the style 2 days after pollination in the all area-pollinated flowers, but on 3rd day in the 1/8 area-pollinated flowers. All area-pollinated flowers required silver thiosulfate complex (STS) at high concentration to delay senescence induced by pollination, compared with the 1/8 area-pollinated flowers. These results suggest that in Eustoma flowers, senescence that is induced by pollination, depends on the pollinated area of the stigmatic surface which resulted in ethylene production.

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