Pollinator effectiveness and fruit set in common ivy, Hedera helix (Araliaceae)

Jacobs, Jennifer; Clark, S. J.; Denholm, I.; Goulson, Dave; Stoate, Chris; Osborne, Juliet L.

doi:10.1007/s11829-009-9080-9

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…According to the frequency of visits and behavior, we included potential pollinators (PP), nonpollinators (NP), thieves (Th), or predators (Pr). This approach is pragmatic for revealing pollinators in a system (Jacobs et al., ) but requires more detailed testing to rank effectiveness (Gross & Mackay, and see below). Visitors classified as potential pollinators (PP) were those that made contact with both male (anthers) and female (stigmas) reproductive structures, with pollen on the body demonstrating the ability to transport pollen within and between flowers of separate plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsuccessful introduced biocontrol agents can act as pollinators of invasive weeds: Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) as an example

Gross

Whitehead

Souza

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The extent of self‐compatibility and reliance on pollinators for seed set are critical determinants of reproductive success in invasive plant species. Seed herbivores are commonly used as biocontrol agents but may also act as flower visitors, potentially resulting in pollination. However, such contrasting or potentially counterproductive interaction effects are rarely considered or evaluated for biological control programs. We investigated the breeding system and pollinators of Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata), an invasive species in Australia that has been the subject of biocontrol programs since 1987. We found the species to be obligate outcrossing in all six populations tested. From 150 video hours, we found 21 species of potential pollinators, including Mesoclanis polana, the Bitou Seedfly, native to South Africa and released in Australia as a biocontrol agent in 1996. Mesoclanis polana transferred pollen to stigmas and was the most common pollinator (52% of pollinator visits), followed by the syrphid fly Simosyrphus grandicornis (9%) and introduced honeybee, Apis mellifera (6.5%). Fruit‐to‐flower ratios ranged from 0.12 to 0.45 and were highest in the population with the greatest proportion of Mesoclanis polana visits. In an experimental trial, outside the naturalized range, the native bee Homalictus sphecodoides and the native syrphid Melangyna viridiceps were the primary pollinators, and fruit‐to‐flower ratios were 0.35, indicating that Bitou Bush would have ready pollinators if its range expanded inland. Synthesis. Invasive Bitou Bush requires pollinators, and this is effected by a range of generalist pollinators in eastern Australia including the Bitou Seedfly, introduced as a biocontrol agent, and the major pollinator detected in this study. Fruit‐to‐flower ratios were highest when the Bitou Seedfly was in high abundance. This study underscores the importance of evaluating the pollination biology of invasive species in their native ranges and prior to the introduction of biocontrol agents.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsuccessful introduced biocontrol agents can act as pollinators of invasive weeds: Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) as an example

Gross

Whitehead

Souza

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Metrics of quality include surrogates thought to affect pollination potential, such as pollen loads (Jacobs et al . ; Zych et al . ) or within‐ vs. between‐plant‐pollinator movements (Utelli & Roy ).…”

Section: How Have We Assessed Quantity Quality and Total Effect In mentioning

confidence: 99%

A general framework for effectiveness concepts in mutualisms

2017

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A core interest in studies of mutualistic interactions is the 'effectiveness' of mutualists in providing benefits to their partners. In plant-animal mutualisms it is widely accepted that the total effect of a mutualist on its partner is estimated as (1) a 'quantity' component multiplied by (2) a 'quality' component, although the meanings of 'effectiveness,' 'quantity,' and 'quality' and which terms are applied to these metrics vary greatly across studies. In addition, a similar quantity 9 quality = total effect approach has not been applied to other types of mutualisms, although it could be informative. Lastly, when a total effect approach has been applied, it has invariably been from a phytocentric perspective, focussing on the effects of animal mutualists on their plant partner. This lack of a common framework of 'effectiveness' of mutualistic interactions limits generalisation and the development of a broader understanding of the ecology and evolution of mutualisms. In this paper, we propose a general framework and demonstrate its utility by applying it to both partners in five different types of mutualisms: pollination, seed dispersal, plant protection, rhizobial, and mycorrhizal mutualisms. We then briefly discuss the flexibility of the framework, potential limitations, and relationship to other approaches.

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“…Ollerton et al 2007;Zych 2007;Jacobs et al 2010;Niemirski and Zych 2011) is characterized by a high apparent generalization, but by low realized generalization, and is an example of a functional specialist (see Fenster et al 2004;Ollerton et al 2007 for discussion), since it is pollinated by a relatively small group of potential pollinators grouped together on morphological grounds into visitor guilds. Thus, O. palustre is one more example of Apiaceae being masters of the ''bethedging'' pollination strategy (sensu Willmer 2011) in that, although its flowers are mainly pollinated by large Syrphid and Muscoid flies, they nonetheless remain attractive to many pollinator groups (wasps in this case).…”

Section: Pollination Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

2013

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Globally, many plant species face humaninduced habitat loss and an associated reduction in population size and vitality. Their survival is often possible only when appropriate conservation measures are taken that address the biology and ecology of these species, including their reproduction, often the most vulnerable stage in the life history of the organism. Unfortunately, little is known about these aspects of the biology of many listed plant species. For 3 years, we studied the pollination biology of the critically endangered plant species Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae), one that is listed in the Bern Convention and Annex II of the EU Flora-Fauna Directive. Flowers of this taxon were visited by over 81 species of anthophilous insects derived from 5 taxonomic orders, indicating the presence of a generalised pollination system. However, detailed analyses of the frequency of insect visits, pollen loads and insect behaviour on inflorescences suggest that the plant is chiefly pollinated by large Dipterans, predominantly large Syrphid flies and Muscoid flies, that together are often responsible for over 90 % of total pollinations. Occasionally, wasps (Vespidae) may also be involved in the pollination of this species. With respect to the pollination system of O. palustre, our results indicate that this is a classic example of myophily, and generally, this species can be regarded as a functional specialist, but like many other members of Apiaceae, it is a typical ''bethedger''. This strategy may probably increase the plant's reproductive success in a range of habitat conditions, suggesting that the pollination system is unlikely to be the cause of rarity in this species.

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Pollinator effectiveness and fruit set in common ivy, Hedera helix (Araliaceae)

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Unsuccessful introduced biocontrol agents can act as pollinators of invasive weeds: Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) as an example

Unsuccessful introduced biocontrol agents can act as pollinators of invasive weeds: Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) as an example

A general framework for effectiveness concepts in mutualisms

Myophily in the critically endangered umbelliferous plant Ostericum palustre Besser (Apiaceae)

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