Pollinator rarity limits reintroduction sites in an endangered sexually deceptive orchid (Caladenia hastata): implications for plants with specialized pollination systems

Reiter, Noushka; Vlcek, Kate; O’Brien, Nicholas; Gibson, Maria; Pitts, D. E.; Brown, G. R.; Bower, Colin C.; Phillips, Ryan D.

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/box017

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Several studies deal with orchid specialization in terms of the distribution of their pollinators 28,62,[65][66][67][68] . Phillips et al 28 hypothesize that pollinator specialization in sexual deception 33 makes orchids vulnerable to changes in pollinator abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination Mechanisms are Driving Orchid Distribution in Space

Štípková

Tsiftsis

Kindlmann

2020

Sci Rep

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Understanding the abundance and distribution patterns of species at large spatial scales is one of the goals of biogeography and macroecology, as it helps researchers and authorities in designing conservation measures for endangered species. Orchids, one of the most endangered groups of plants, have a complicated system of pollination mechanisms. Their survival strongly depends on pollination success, which then determines their presence and distribution in space. Here we concentrate on how pollination mechanisms (presence/absence of nectar) are associated with orchid species density and mean niche breadth along an altitudinal gradient in six different phytogeographical regions in the Czech Republic. We found differences between these regions in terms of orchid species numbers and density. The trend (hump-shaped curve) in species density of nectarless and nectariferous orchids were very similar in all phytogeographical regions, peaking between 300-900 m. The trend strongly depends on habitat cover and pollinator availability. In general, the most specialist species of orchids were found from low to middle altitudes. The association of altitude with the richness of orchid flora is much stronger than that with the biogeography. Climate change is a factor that should not be neglected, as it may affect the presence/absence of many species in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination Mechanisms are Driving Orchid Distribution in Space

Štípková

Tsiftsis

Kindlmann

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Because of the diversity of pollination mechanisms, Roberts ( 2003 ) stressed the importance of understanding pollination biology for effective orchid conservation, stating that “orchid conservation will require a case by case, functional ecosystem approach”, and noted the need to conserve not only the orchid and the pollinator, but also in some cases the “pollinator food source, nesting site, larval host species, and in the case of parasitic pollinators, the larval host plant of its host species”. If pollinators are not present in sufficient numbers (or at all), fruit production can be limited or absent, and this can have a major impact on the choice of sites for reintroduction programmes (Reiter et al 2017 ). Hutchings et al ( 2018 ) showed that climate change can decouple the phenology of pollinator and orchid species, potentially leading to reproductive failure of the orchid.…”

Section: Understanding Pollinators and Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century?

2018

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With c. 28,000 species, orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants, and they are also one of the most threatened, in part due to their complex life history strategies. Threats include habitat destruction and climate change, but many orchids are also threatened by unsustainable (often illegal and/or undocumented) harvest for horticulture, food or medicine. The level of these threats now outstrips our abilities to combat them at a species-by-species basis for all species in such a large group as Orchidaceae; if we are to be successful in conserving orchids for the future, we will need to develop approaches that allow us to address the threats on a broader scale to complement focused approaches for the species that are identified as being at the highest risk.

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“…In turn, the distributions of mycorrhizal fungi depend largely upon edaphic conditions such as soil moisture, pH, nutrients, and organic content (McCormick & Jacquemyn, 2014;Nurfadilah, Swarts, Dixon, Lambers, & Merritt, 2013). Orchid-pollinator relationships are often unusual and sometimes highly specialized (Gaskett, 2011;Xu, Schlüter, & Schiestl, 2012), and the distribution and availability of these specialized pollinators are critical for successful orchid conservation efforts (Reiter et al, 2017(Reiter et al, , 2016. The insects that pollinate orchids have additional symbioses with other taxa, for example, food plants and larval hosts (Brown & Phillips, 2014;Kelly, Toft, & Gaskett, 2013;Reiter, Lawrie, & Linde, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

Gaskett

Gallagher

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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AimWe test for spatial and climatic patterns of diversification in the Orchidaceae, an angiosperm family characterized by high levels of species diversity and rarity. Globally, does orchid diversity correlate with land area? In Australia, does diversity correlate with herbarium collecting effort, range size, or climate niche breadth? Where are Australia's orchids distributed spatially, in protected areas, and in climate space?LocationGlobal, then Australia.MethodsWe compared orchid diversity with land area for continents and recognized orchid diversity hotspots. Then, we used cleaned herbarium records to compare collecting effort (for Australian Orchidaceae vs. all other plant families, and also among orchid genera). Spatial and climate distributions were mapped to determine orchids’ coverage in the protected area network, range sizes, and niche breadths.ResultsGlobally, orchid diversity does not correlate with land area (depauperate regions are the subantarctic: 10 species, and northern North America: 394 species). Australian herbarium records and collecting effort generally reflect orchid species diversity (1,583 spp.), range sizes, and niche breadths. Orchids are restricted to 13% of Australia's landmass with 211 species absent from any protected areas. Species richness is the greatest in three biomes with high general biodiversity: Temperate (especially southwest and southeast Australia), Tropical, and Subtropical (coastal northern Queensland). Absence from the Desert is consistent with our realized climate niche—orchids avoid high temperature/low rainfall environments. Orchids have narrower range sizes than nonorchid species. Highly diverse orchid genera have narrower rainfall breadths than less diverse genera.Main conclusionsHerbarium data are adequate for testing hypotheses about Australian orchids. Distribution is likely driven by environmental factors. In contrast, diversification did not correlate with increases in range size, rainfall, or temperature breadths, suggesting speciation does not occur via invasion and local adaptation to new habitats. Instead, diversification may rely on access to extensive obligate symbioses with mycorrhizae and/or pollinators.

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Pollinator rarity limits reintroduction sites in an endangered sexually deceptive orchid (Caladenia hastata): implications for plants with specialized pollination systems

Cited by 36 publications

References 61 publications

Pollination Mechanisms are Driving Orchid Distribution in Space

Pollination Mechanisms are Driving Orchid Distribution in Space

Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century?

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

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