Pollutant Formation and Control in Spark-Ignition Engines

Heywood, John B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-024780-9.50016-2

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 2a shows the impact of the equivalence ratio on the UHC emissions of all test fuels. It was observed that UHC emissions increase under rich conditions due to the incomplete combustion and reduced combustion quality [38]. Table 8 and Figure 2b show the CO emissions of test fuels at different engine loads and equivalence ratios.…”

Section: Regulated Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Ning

Lee

et al. 2018

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.83-1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NO x ). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.

show abstract

Section: Regulated Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Ning

Lee

et al. 2018

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The chemical kinetics for the oxidation of methane has been of primary interest in combustion science, since methane is one of the main hydrocarbon fuels and one of the most important energy sources. The understanding of chemical kinetics governing the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels has been the subject of many studies since the late 1970s [54][55][56]. Studies were focussed on describing the chemical pathways leading to the formation of pollutants and radicals to improve efficiency and safety with reduced emission in combustion systems.…”

Section: General Background On Combustion Chemistry For Methane Oxidamentioning

confidence: 99%

The combustion mitigation of methane as a non-CO 2 greenhouse gas

Jiang

Mira

Cluff

2018

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Anthropogenic emissions of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases such as fugitive methane contribute significantly to global warming. A review of fugitive methane combustion mitigation and utilisation technologies, which are primarily aimed at methane emissions from coal mining activities, with a focus on modelling and simulation of ultra-lean methane oxidation/combustion is presented. The challenges associated with ultra-lean methane oxidation are on the ignition of the ultra-lean mixture and sustainability of the combustion process. There is a lack of fundamental studies on chemical kinetics of ultra-lean methane combustion and reliable kinetic schemes that can be used together with computational fluid dynamics studies to design and develop advanced mitigation systems. Mitigation of methane as a greenhouse gas calls for more efforts on understanding ultra-lean combustion. Recuperative combustion provides a promising means for mitigating ultra-lean methane emissions. Progress is needed on effective methods to ignite and to recuperate and retain heat for oxidation/combustion of the ultra-lean mixtures. Catalysts can be very effective in reducing the temperatures required for oxidation while plasmas may be utilised to assist the ignition, but thermodynamic/aerodynamic limits of burning ultra-lean methane remain unexplored. Further technological developments may be focussed on developing innovative capturing technology as well as technological innovations to achieve effective ignition and sustainable oxidation/combustion.

show abstract

“…The global mean CO 2 level in the atmosphere increases each year by about 0.5% suggesting a global mean level of about 420 ppm by 2025 (Anastasi et al, 1990; US Department of Commerce, 2011) Such a forecasted increase has led to stringent emission regulations for combustion systems compelling us to find avenues to improve the environmental friendliness of these systems. Lean premixed combustion is known (Heywood, 1976) to have potentials for effective reduction in emissions and to increase efficiency simultaneously. Significant technological advances are yet to be made for developing fuel lean combustion systems operating over wide range of conditions with desirable characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%