Pollutant Formation and Emissions from Cement Kiln Stack Using a Solid Recovered Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract

The thermal decomposition of a Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) has been studied by two techniques. First, laboratory-scale experiments were performed in a horizontal furnace in which different atmospheres are studied to analyze the dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) evolved from the decomposition of the material. Sulfur presence is revealed to be important in PCDD/Fs formation. In the second technique, the emission of various pollutants (PAHs, PCDD/Fs, metals, acid gases …) were determined in a cement kiln fed on different proportions of SRF material, and where a maximum feed rate of 15000 kg SRF/h was achieved. In the laboratory furnace the dioxin toxicity revealed a maximum when the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased until approximately stoichiometric conditions. In the cement kiln, all emitted pollutants are under the legal limits. No correlation between SRF input and metal emission was observed.

Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, dioxin like-PCBs and PAHs from a cement plant using a long-term monitoring system

“…These operations are carried out in order to give the most appropriate destination to the waste produced in a particular area according to their characteristics and marketing opportunities, cost treatment and legal regulations (Conesa et al, 2011).…”

“…A great variety of wastes are currently used as supplementary fuels in cement kilns (Rahman et al, 2015;Rodrigues and Joekes, 2011). Basic research is still needed because the wastes are actually burned, but the thermal decomposition of such wastes has not always been studied from a scientific point of view (Conesa et al, 2011). Under adequate conditions, concrete can be used for encapsulation of waste materials such as tyres, plastics and glasses (Rodrigues and Joekes, 2011).…”

Field pilot study on emissions, formations and distributions of PCDD/Fs from cement kiln co-processing fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerations

“…Cement kilns have been used for the disposal of polybrominated diphenyl ether contaminated soils [17]. Formation and emission of PCDD/Fs from a cement kiln processing a solid fuel recovered from municipal solid waste has been studied [18,19]. Dioxins form in cement kilns, and their release and impact on surrounding environment has been demonstrated [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

“…Several factors that strongly affect the formation of PCDD/Fs were characterized. Copper and zinc are widely recognized as being efficient catalysts for the formation of PCDD/Fs (Chang and Chung 1998;Conesa et al 2011;Fujimori et al 2011;Gidarakos et al 2009;Hagenmaier et al 1987b). A higher copper concentration was found in the SeCu fly ash used in this study (260 mg/g) than has been found in MWI fly ash (0.3-4.6 mg/g) (Cains et al 1997).…”