Pollutant-Induced Decay of Building Materials

Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge; Alves, Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2439-6_2

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…In the case referred to above (black crusts on limestones) it is possible that the rock substrate promotes the formation of gypsum aggregates, but the particles that confer the darkish color to these crusts seems to be related to atmospheric sources. Monitoring of the occurrence of gypsum-rich black crusts in modern buildings could be a useful indicator in terms of atmospheric pollution including the possible relation between their formation and SO 2 levels (Sanjurjo-Sánchez & Alves, 2012), especially in a perspective of assessing the effects of SO 2 level reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substances leached from a given material can affect this material as well as other materials in the pathway of pollutant migration. Examples of diverse types of neoformations and related pollution sources can be found in, e.g., Arnold and Zehnder (1991), Sanjurjo-Sánchez and Alves (2012), and Alves (2013). Neoformations on building materials can, in that sense, be considered markers of geochemical processes related to the architectural setting and to the presence and pathways of the pollutants (Alves & Sanjurjo-Sánchez, 2011) and might contribute to weathering of the structures either by visual alteration or erosional loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works

Alves

2013

Microsc Microanal

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The built environment is subjected to several pollutants under variable environmental conditions defined by diverse geochemical systems. These geochemical systems promote the occurrence of neoformations that can have a detrimental effect on surfaces of the building materials. Hence, the study of neoformations helps in the understanding of weathering processes that affect built structures. In the present paper we present a scanning electron microscopy study of macroscopic manifestations of neoformations detected during an extensive visual survey of several modern architectural works in urban areas of northern and central Portugal. The studies performed suggest that cementitious materials play an important role as a source of pollutants for the most common neoformations such as carbonate rich stains and coatings, as well as salt efflorescences of alkaline sulphates and carbonates. There are also indications of contributions from organic sources for alkaline nitrates and atmospheric pollution for gypsum-rich black crusts. Other less common neoformations include phosphate aggregates and silica stains that represent interesting indicators of the geochemical systems in built environments. In the case of carbonate-rich coatings, indications of recurrence related to the circulation of carbonate forming solutions relevant to the maintenance of built surfaces were detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works

Alves

2013

Microsc Microanal

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“…As reviewed in Sanjurjo- Sánchez and Alves (2012b), while there are some decay functions proposed for laboratory studies, there is still much uncertainty in the specific prediction of decay rates for a given pollutants load. Other kind of preoccupations had lead to the notion of ''reversibility'' of interventions in the sense that it could be possible to go back to pre-intervention stage.…”

Section: Intervention Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Alves

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Materials in the built environment are exposed to several agents that promote alteration processes resulting in features that might be considered detrimental of its value. There are diverse possible intervention measures that might, however, have unwanted side effects. Here are reviewed the main issues related to the struggle against these alteration processes, from the consideration of the intervention criteria to strategic considerations on the organisation of the intervention that must include temporal and spatial features of alteration processes, as well as possible interventions on the surroundings of the materials and in the materials, including its replacement. The longterm effectiveness of these interventions is linked with the global strategy namely in relation to the conditions that promote alteration processes. Some sustainability questions related to the intervention operations are also considered such as the use of toxic substances and the consumption of resources.

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“…Furthermore, the effects of air pollutants are seen in the deeper substratum, as pores, cracks, discontinuities and granular or planar disintegrations in temperature or other stresses (De la Fuente et al 2011;Franzoni & Sassoni 2011). In addition, oxides of carbon, sulphur and nitrogen if combined with particulate matter can be dissolved in water, forming acids that promote chemical reactions that are damaging minerals (Camuffo 1992;Ortega-Calve et al 1995;Sanjurjo-Sánchez et al 2012). Finally, interactions between physical and anthropogenic weathering factors dictate the type and extent of the chemical, mechanical, physical and/or biological weathering processes (Camuffo 1995;Pope et al 2002;Striegel et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to weathering and retreatability of composite protective nanostructured coatings applied to Pendelikon marbles

Stefanidou

Matziaris

Karagiannis

2015

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The protection of Pendelikon marbles to weathering has been the main aim of numerous and longstanding studies. Latest scientific approaches in the field of conservation include methods for self-cleaning surfaces that mimic natural phenomena. In our research, we have critically studied and implemented by means of nanotechnology, the development of a biomimetic composite, protective, hybrid nanostructured film. The mineral substrates have been coated with a fluorosilanic base matrix and furthermore top-coated with a nanostructured synthesis made from amorphous silicon dioxide, sprayed using the 'alla prima' technique. The behaviour of the composite protective coating has been evaluated in terms of wettability, retreatability and resistance to weathering.

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Pollutant-Induced Decay of Building Materials

Cited by 10 publications

References 254 publications

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Resistance to weathering and retreatability of composite protective nanostructured coatings applied to Pendelikon marbles

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