Pollutants from the combustion of solid biomass fuels

Williams, Alan; Jones, James C. Peyton; Ma, Lin; Pourkashanian, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2011.10.001

Cited by 531 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…"Generally large combustion units, with carefully monitored combustion control form low levels of pollutants whereas small units with poor mixing, poor instrumentation and no control tend to result in high levels of pollutants. " (Williams et al 2012) Fuel combustion is the process of oxidation of the fuel by means of atmospheric oxygen resulting in intense releasing of heat, which is, in turn, efficiently utilised. The combustion produces combustion products -flue gases, solid combustion products and heat (Mikolaj, Kažimírová 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomass combustion emissions

Kažimírová¹,

Opáth²

2016

Res. Agric. Eng.

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Kažimírová V., Opáth R. (2016): Biomass combustion emissions. Res. Agr. Eng., 62 (Special Issue): S61-S65.The paper deals with gaseous emissions generated in biomass combustion in water boilers. It provides results of analyses of gaseous emissions and boiler efficiency in combustion of branches of apple trees from spring pruning, spruce cuttings and corn cobs obtained from kernel harvest. Measurements were done in laboratory conditions. Average CO emission values observed in combustion were from 334.7 to 650.18 mg/m 3 and average NO x emission values were low, between 50.1 and 157.2 mg/m 3 . Boiler efficiency in applewood combustion was lower -this was caused by its higher moisture.

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confidence: 99%

Biomass combustion emissions

Kažimírová¹,

Opáth²

2016

Res. Agric. Eng.

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“…NO x production during the combustion of fossil fuels is already well known and in case of coal combustion arises from the main mechanism: thermal-NO x (from high temperature oxidation and atmospheric N 2 ), prompt-NO x (from the reaction of fuel derivated radicals and atmospheric N 2 ) and fuel-NO x (from oxidation of nitrogen chemically bound in the fuel). The contribution of the first two, whose mechanism route is well known, in total amount of NO x produced in most biomass combustion systems are below 30% [23].…”

Section: Pollutant Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Horvat

Dović

2018

TFAMENA

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SummaryBiomass is one of the oldest energy source known to mankind. Progress made so far in understanding of a rather complex direct combustion process allowed for a constant technology development. Increasingly stringent environmental requirements of the EU, especially in terms of the pollutant emissions, require development of new design solutions of the combustion system for residential hot water boilers fuelled by some form of solid biomass. The emissions are becoming even greater problem if, various residues from agricultural production are used instead of a wooden biomass, as they are becoming more desirable fuel due to their lower cost.In this paper, various issues related to the combustion of agricultural biomass are discussed. Attention is given to the problems associated with high volatile matter contents, presence of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and low ash melting temperatures. At the end, novel design modifications of a conventional residential biomass combustion system are proposed, as the well-known methodologies for combustion and emissions control applied in industrialscale boilers are in most cases not suitable for small-scale units.

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“…During combustion, all fuel nitrogen forms into N 2 and nitrogen oxides NOx (NO, NO 2 ) [7]. The key parameters affecting the formation of NOx emissions are the nitrogen content in fuel, excess air coefficient (α), furnace structure, combustion temperature, and the combustion technology type [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased content of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in grass biomass, in comparison with wood, is explained by the application of pesticides and fertilizers [1,7]. Therefore, it is essential to determine the effect of nitrogen norms on the chemical composition of the biomass of the grasses -reed canary grass, timothy, and tall fescue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fertilizers on chemical content in grass biomass.

Adamovičs¹,

Platace²,

Gulbe³

et al. 2017

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. Perennial grasses are a good option for biofuels because they do not have to be planted annually and do not require application of agricultural chemicals. Since the crop value for bioenergy use is the carbohydrates, not the protein, the grasses can be harvested after they have died back in the fall, i.e., after the nitrogen and other nutrients have been translocated back into the roots and crowns. So late harvesting means that the nutrients remain in the perennial parts of the plants, which, in turn, means that the crop does not need high levels of fertilization each year. The chemical composition of grasses is very dynamic, and it changes significantly during the vegetation period. When using grass biomass for solid fuels, the chemical composition of grasses is of major importance, as alkali metals affect the ash melting temperature. One of the key parameters is nitrogen content in fuel, which affects the formation of NOx emissions. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of nitrogen fertiliser norms on the chemical composition of grass biomass. The research objects were reed canary grass (RCG) (Phalaris arundinacea L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) -the perennial and productive plants of the grass family. Increasing the fertiliser norms from N0 to N90, the content of non-combustible element N in the biomass of all grasses also increased. However, nitrogen fertiliser has little yet significant impact on the content of combustible element C in grass biomass.

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Pollutants from the combustion of solid biomass fuels

Cited by 531 publications

References 164 publications

Biomass combustion emissions

Biomass combustion emissions

Combustion of Agricultural Biomass - Issues and Solutions

Influence of fertilizers on chemical content in grass biomass.

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