Pollution and children's health

Landrigan, Philip J.; Fuller, Richard; Fisher, Samantha; Suk, William A.; Sly, Peter D.; Chiles, Thomas C.; Blüml, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.375

Cited by 212 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…8,122,123 Over 90% of children are exposed to PM2.5 levels above the WHO guidelines, 124 which can affect their health throughout their life, from increased risk of lung damage, impaired lung growth and pneumonia, to subsequent risk of development of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 125 Most of the exposure to PM2.5 results from anthropogenic activities, and much of this is associated with combustion of coal and other fossil fuels for electricity generation, industrial production, transport, and household heating and cooking, and therefore PM2.5 emissions share many of the same sources as GHG emissions. 126 Indicators 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 report on source contributions to ambient air pollution and its health impacts, drawing from the GAINS model, 127 which calculates emissions of all precursors of PM2.5 on a detailed breakdown of economic sectors and fuels used.…”

Section: Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

et al. 2019

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The next decade is likely to produce any number of global challenges that will affect health and health care, including pan-national infections such as the new coronavirus COVID-19 and others that will be related to global warming. Nurses will be required to react to these events, even though they will also be affected as ordinary citizens. The future resilience of healthcare services will depend on having sufficient numbers of nurses who are adequately resourced to face the coming challenges.

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Section: Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

et al. 2019

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“…Chai et al (2018) found that high PM 2.5 concentrations were associated with an increase in the daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases [8]. Additionally, Landrigan et al (2019) attributed the deaths of 940,000 children worldwide to air pollution in 2016 [9]. It can be seen that the air pollution problem brought about by urbanization is an urgent problem to be solved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis between Land Use/Cover Change and Air Pollutants—A Case Study in Wuyishan City

2019

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Land use changes have significantly altered the natural environment in which humans live. In urban areas, diminishing air quality poses a large threat to human health. In order to investigate the relationship between land use/cover change (LUCC) and air pollutants of Wuyishan City between 2014–2017, an integrated approach was used by combining remote sensing techniques with a landscape ecology methods. Annual, seasonal, and weekly mean values of air pollutant (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, O3, PM2.5, black carbon) concentration and atmospheric visibility were calculated to develop a Pearson correlation between LUCC and air pollutants concentration. Results showed an increase in forested areas (1.79%) and water areas (15.89%), with a simultaneous reduction in cultivated land (6.47%), bare land (72.61%), and built-up land (16.03%) from 2014 to 2017. The transition matrix of land use types revealed that (i) forest expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (13.94%) and bare land (27.48%); and (ii) water area expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (1.29%) and forests (0.21%). In 2017, the proportion of days with AQI level I (94.52%) was higher than that in 2014 (88.77%). Additionally, the annual average visibility in 2017 (37.42 km) was higher than 2014 (27.46 km). The concentration of SO2, CO, O3, and black carbon was positively correlated with the cultivated land. The concentration of SO2, CO, and black carbon negatively correlated with the increase of forests. PM10, and PM2.5 is negatively correlated with the water area. Visibility was found to be positively correlated with forested area, and negatively correlated with cultivated land. The findings from this study represent a valuable gain in understanding of policies aimed at improving, safeguarding, and monitoring air quality. These results can be used to inform land-use planning decisions in a comprehensive way and could be a valuable tool for LUCC rational management strategies.

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“…Children are especially susceptible to environmental toxicants such as OP and PYR pesticides due to their developmental immaturity. Their organs are more vulnerable (particularly the brain and nervous system), they have lower capacity to absorb and eliminate chemicals and they are exposed at higher levels, increasing their risk, compared with adults (National Research Council, 1993;Landrigan et al, 2004Landrigan et al, , 2019Katsikantami et al, 2019). The discovery of OPs and PYR pesticides in amniotic fluid and meconium (Berton et al, 2014;Bradman et al, 2003) indicated that foetuses are already exposed to these chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

Bravo

Grimalt

Bocca

et al. 2019

Environmental Research

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Urinary metabolites of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides from seven years old children of a birth cohort study (n=199; PHIME cohort of Trieste, Italy) have been measured. Six OP and two PYR metabolites have been investigated, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (DEAMPY, pirimiphos metabolite) was the one found at higher concentrations, median 3.4 ng/mL specific gravity adjusted (SG adjusted), followed by 4nitrophenol (PNP, median 1.4 ng/mL SG adjusted) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), parathion and chlorpyriphos metabolites, respectively. TCPY concentrations were low in comparison to other distributions of OP metabolites in children from other studies. Accordingly, the PHIME cohort showed a distinct OP metabolite distribution with high concentrations of pirimiphos and parathion. Another specific characteristic of this cohort was the high concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-BPA, median 0.36 ng/mL SG adjusted), a general metabolite of PYR pesticides. Evaluation of anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics of children and families only showed a positive association between family educational level and urinary concentrations of DEAMPY metabolite (p < 0.05), which could reflect distinct dietary habits depending on the educational level. Estimated daily intakes were evaluated, all studied metabolites were found within safe levels.

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Pollution and children's health

Cited by 212 publications

References 46 publications

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

Correlation Analysis between Land Use/Cover Change and Air Pollutants—A Case Study in Wuyishan City

Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in children from an Italian cohort (PHIME, Trieste)

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