Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in agricultural soil and vegetables in the Yangtze River Delta of China

Wei, Luyun; Li, Zhiheng; Sun, Jianteng; Zhu, Lizhong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137978

Cited by 75 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Moreover, Hu et al [ 73 ] determined the amount of PAEs and phthalate monoesters in soil using ASE as the extraction technique, and the LODs were verified to be in the range of 0.59 to 10.08 ng/g. Wei et al [ 74 ] determined the PAEs levels in samples from soil and vegetables, and the levels varied from 5.42 to 1580 ng/g and from 10.9 to 16,400 ng/g dry weight, respectively. In addition, for surface waters, Liu et al [ 75 ] studied the impact of microplastics and levels of PAEs in surface seawater by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by GC-MS, and the concentrations obtained varied from 129.96 ng/L to 921.22 ng/L, while recovery ranged from 84 to 101%.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes the extraction techniques adopted in the last three years to analyze PAEs in environmental and food matrices. It is possible to observe that the most common extraction techniques used to extract phthalates from environmental and food samples are LLE [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 99 , 104 , 106 , 109 , 110 , 112 ], SPME [ 60 , 69 , 81 , 82 , 92 , 93 , 115 ], QuEChERS-dSPE [ 79 , 88 , 102 ], SPE [ 68 , 75 ], and soxhlet [ 100 , 101 , 114 ].…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, no clean-up procedure is necessary. The most common solvents used in LLE are DCM [ 62 , 64 , 66 , 99 ], ACET [ 94 ], MeCN [ 90 , 91 , 106 ], and solvents mixes (HEX:ACET, HEX:EtAc, DCM:ACET) [ 63 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 95 , 96 ]. Despite the high extraction efficiency of LLE to extract PAEs from different samples, which results in recovery rates of 70% to 120%, lower LODs and LOQs ( Table 2 ), the up-to-date tendencies related to extraction procedures are founded on the principles of green chemistry, which include low solvent volumes, simplicity, and quickness.…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.

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Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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“…This result is consistent with that reported by Chen et al As shown in Figure b, the concentration of total PAHs in soils near Taihu Lake was higher than in other areas in the YRD. The serious level of pollution of PAHs in the Taihu Lake basin has been frequently reported, and pollutants have been detected at high concentrations. ,, The total PAEs ranged from <0.1 to 1530.4 μg/kg with a mean value of 197.2 μg/kg, which were reported in a previous study . PAEs are mostly used as plasticizers in the polymer industry; thus, PAE agricultural contamination could be mainly from the application of plastic products such as greenhouse films and fertilizers …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Super Typhoon Disturbs Organic Contamination in Agricultural Soils

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Human activities and natural weather keep driving the spatiotemporal migration and dynamic equilibrium of soil organic pollution. Our study shows that a super typhoon can dramatically change the organic pollution characteristics in agricultural soils over a short period of time, mainly through a change in soil properties such as soil organic matter and soil moisture. The finding was verified by an intensive study of the influence of super typhoon Lekima in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The typhoon significantly increased by 56% and 10% the contamination levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters in 0−20 cm soils and decreased by >57% the levels of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls, respectively. Our study provides a sharp contrast to the conventional wisdom that soil organic contamination remains relatively steady for a long period of time. This study confirmed the sharp disturbance of soil organic pollution by a super typhoon and elucidated the drivers and mechanism.

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“…The PAE content in a vegetable greenhouse base could reach up to 9.68 mg/kg [ 4 ]. The PAEs in microplastics belong to refractory organic compounds, which are detected in soil [ 5 ], rivers [ 6 ], drinking water [ 7 ], food [ 8 ], household garbage [ 9 ], sewage sludge [ 10 ], industrial wastewater [ 11 ], marine sediment [ 12 ] and landfill leach [ 13 ]. Toxicological studies proved that PAE plasticizers remaining in the environment could enter human and animal bodies through inhalation, diet and skin contact, causing great harm to human health and environmental safety [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Biodegradation of Phthalic Acid Esters’ Derivatives by Plasticizer-Degrading Bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Using a Correction 3D-QSAR Model

Zhang

Zhao

2020

IJERPH

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A phthalic acid ester’s (PAEs) comprehensive biodegradability three-dimensional structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was established, to design environmentally friendly PAE derivatives, which could be simultaneously degraded by plasticizer-degrading bacteria, such as Burkholderia cepacia, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only three derivatives of diethyl phthalate (DEP (DEP-27, DEP-28 and DEP-29)) were suited for their functionality and environmental friendliness, which had an improved stability in the environment and improved the characteristics (bio-toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, and long-range migration) of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The simulation inference of the microbial degradation path before and after DEP modification and the calculation of the reaction energy barrier exhibited the energy barrier for degradation being reduced after DEP modification and was consistent with the increased ratio of comprehensive biodegradability. This confirmed the effectiveness of the comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) model of the PAE’s comprehensive biodegradability. In addition, a molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the binding of the DEP-29 derivative with the three plasticizer-degradation enzymes increased significantly. DEP-29 could be used as a methyl phthalate derivative that synergistically degrades with microplastics, providing directional selection and theoretical designing for plasticizer replacement.

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Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in agricultural soil and vegetables in the Yangtze River Delta of China

Cited by 75 publications

References 55 publications

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

A Super Typhoon Disturbs Organic Contamination in Agricultural Soils

Enhanced Biodegradation of Phthalic Acid Esters’ Derivatives by Plasticizer-Degrading Bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Using a Correction 3D-QSAR Model

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