Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China

Xiao, Kai; Wang, Qingyue; Lu, Shengyong; Lin, Yu‐Hsuan; Enyoh, Christian Ebere; Chowdhury, Tanzin; Rabin, Mominul Haque; Islam, Md. Rezwanul; Guo, Yang; Wang, Weiqian

doi:10.1007/s10653-022-01374-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The enrichment Factor (EF) provides similar information as Igeo, which was a useful parameter to track heavy metals originating from anthropogenic activities or natural sources (K. Xiao et al, 2022). In general, the abundant elements in the earth's crust were used as reference elements, such as Al (K. Xiao et al, 2022), Cn (X. Zhang et al, 2020), Mn (Zajusz-Zubek et al, 2017), Fe (Giordano et al, 2024), Ti, V, and Si (Redwan & Rammlmair, 2017).…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels, sources, and risk of heavy metals in soils from northwest and eastern industrial areas of China

Xiao,

Zhou,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The heavy metal pollution caused by widespread industrial activities is an important and difficult issue for environmental pollution control in China. It adversely affects human health and the ecosystem. However, the relevant research on heavy metals contamination in typical petrochemical (PIA) and coking industries areas (CIA) was few. In this study, a total of 24 and 21 surface topsoil (< 20 cm) samples were collected in petrochemical and coking industrial areas, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological risk index (ERI) were calculated to assess the Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, V, and Mn pollution levels in soils. The hazard index (HI), carcinogenic risk (CR), and non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) were used to assess the human health risk of heavy metals. The mean levels (mg/kg) of heavy metals were ranked as Mn (601.25) > Zn (154.63) > Cr (76.78) > V (76.04) > Cu (39.11) > Pb (36.88) > Ni (31.73) > Co (12.97) in PIA, and Mn (915.14) > Zn (307.64) > Cr (115.98) > Pb (93.20) > V (92.56) > Cu (44.42) > Ni (34.45) > Co (16.65) in CIA, respectively. Pollution indices indicated that the extent of heavy metals contamination in CIA soils is higher than PIA. Source apportionment of heavy metals in soil was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, principal component analysis (PCA) and matrix cluster analysis, suggesting that industrial activities and the transshipment process were the major contributors to heavy metals. About NCR, the THI values were higher than 1 in both typical industrial areas, implying that there is potential health risk to humans. Except for the CR values of Pb for children and adults in both industrial areas and the CR values of Cr for adults in PIA, the CR are between 1.00 × 10− 6 and 1.00 × 10− 4, other heavy metals of the CR values were higher than 1\(\times\)10−4. This result reflects the fact that there were seriously adverse impacts on human health. Overall, the NCR and CR of the heavy metals for different populations ranked as follows: children > adults and Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr were identified as the major contributors to CR and NCR. The result of the present study provides timely information for developing control and management strategies to reduce soil contamination by heavy metals in typical petrochemical and coking industries areas.

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Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels, sources, and risk of heavy metals in soils from northwest and eastern industrial areas of China

Xiao,

Zhou,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Xuanwei Formation coal continues to attract geologists, environmentalists, and medical scientists due to its unique mineral composition and geochemical characteristics (Dai et al, 2008(Dai et al, , 2014Downward et al, 2014aDownward et al, , 2017, and this coal has been considered to be the leading cause of the higher incidence of lung cancer among residents of four to eight times the national average (Chen et al, 2015). Previous studies have reported that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Chuang et al, 1992;Shen et al, 2008;Downward et al, 2014b;Ho et al, 2016;Vermeulen et al, 2019) and toxic elements (Shao et al, 2013;Lü et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021;Xiao et al, 2022) are associated with a higher incidence rate of lung cancer due to the development and use of coal. However, Tian (2005) and Tian et al (2008) observed abundant silica nanoparticles in the C1 bituminous coal, coal bottom ash, and lung tissue of lung cancer patients with a scanning electron microscope and hypothesized that silica nanoparticles were a potential cause of lung cancer (He et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Downward et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, formation, and transformation of different forms of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal, China, and its’ emerging environmental problem

Chen,

Shi,

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The study on the origin of quartz and silica in Xuanwei Formation coal in Northwest Yunnan, China, is helpful to understand the relationship between quartz and silica and the high incidence of lung cancer from the root. To address these questions, the mineralogy and microscopic studies of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal were performed.The following results were obtained: (1) silica in the late Permian Xuanwei Formation coal seams originated from detrital input, early diagenesis, and late diagenesis. (2) A more signi cant contribution comes from early diagenesis, which contains abundant authigenic quartz and amorphous silica. (3) Quartz and silica from inorganic silicon are more symbiotic with kaolinite and from biogenic silicon with chamosite. (4) Three silica polymorphs in coal samples have been identi ed: opal-A (amorphous silica), opal-CT/-C (cristobalite/tridymite), and α quartz. ( 5) Opal-A is ubiquitous, while opal-CT/-C and α quartz are rare. (5) Opal-A is an amorphous and nontoxic ordinary silica. Highlights 1. Silica originated from detrital input, early diagenesis, and late diagenesis.2. Early diagenetic silica contains authigenic quartz and amorphous silica.3. Inorganic silica is more symbiotic with kaolinite and biogenic silica with chamosite. 4. Opal-A is ubiquitous, while opal-CT/-C and α quartz are rare. 5. Opal-A is an amorphous and nontoxic ordinary silica.

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“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IRAC) has classified particulate matter in group 1 of human carcinogens [2]. PM2.5 is released during the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, and their size is affected by their organic and inorganic composition, which then affects their potential for toxicity [3][4][5][6]. According to Sakunkoo et al [7], exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals in residential and industrial zones of Khon Kean, Thailand, has been linked to an increased risk of cancer in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study on Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to PM2.5-Bound Toxic Metals in the Industrial Metropolitan of Rayong, Thailand

et al. 2022

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The concentrations of PM2.5 and metallic elements were measured in Rayong during the dry season (November 2021 to April 2022). The mean PM2.5 concentration was 20.1 ± 10.9 µg/m3 (4.9–52.3 µg/m3). Moreover, the percentages of days when those PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the daily WHO and US-EPA NAAQS limit were 56.8% and 10.2%, respectively. However, the levels did not exceed 50 µg/m3, which is the limit of the 24 h standard defined by the PCD in Thailand. The dominant heavy metals and elements in PM2.5 samples were Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn, which constituted 70%. In Rayong, the PCA results showed that industrial emissions (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) and traffic emissions (As, Cd, Cr, K, and Ni) were the major sources of PM2.5-bound heavy metals. Exposure to toxic metals in PM2.5 through the inhalation pathway in Rayong obviously entails a high potential risk of cancer (>10−4) based on the total lung cancer risk (TCRinh). It was found that the TCRinh values of Cr for combined age groups were higher than 10−6, which implies a high cancer risk in Rayong.

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Pollution levels and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals of size-segregated particulate matter in rural residential areas of high lung cancer incidence in Fuyuan, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 91 publications

Levels, sources, and risk of heavy metals in soils from northwest and eastern industrial areas of China

Levels, sources, and risk of heavy metals in soils from northwest and eastern industrial areas of China

Origin, formation, and transformation of different forms of silica in Xuanwei Formation coal, China, and its’ emerging environmental problem

Epidemiological Study on Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to PM2.5-Bound Toxic Metals in the Industrial Metropolitan of Rayong, Thailand

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