Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. The compact nature of the devices means that heat generated within is not as readily dissipated as with more conventional stripe geometry lasers.Advances in the design of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity mirrors and intracavity contact schemes have reduced the threshold voltage from >1OV to little more than the lasing photon potential, in some cases. However, thermal management is still a limiting factor for high power or high efficiency output from VCSELs. By analyzing a variety of devices we have devised a simple but powerfiul model to explain the currentlight response of VCSELs which is strongly dependant on the temperature rise in the active layer. Effects of the relative position of the cavity resonance and gain spectrum are also discussed.