Poly-2,3- and 2,7-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes: Preparation and Structures of Polynorbornenes

Gaylord, Norman G.; Deshpande, Achyut B.; Mandal, Broja M.; Martan, Michael

doi:10.1080/00222337708061307

Cited by 122 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On the contrary, radical or cationic polymerization leads to 2,7-addition. 3 In addition, the reactivity ratios determined by the Kelen-Tudos method were significantly higher for NB (r NB ϭ 4.14) than for tBMA (r tBMA ϭ 0.097). It is well known that the observed reactivity ratio in free-radical polymerization is in reverse order (r tBMA ӷ r NB ).…”

Section: Polymer Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Homopolymerization and copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate and norbornene with nickel‐based methylaluminoxane catalysts

Huang

Wang

Kuo

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The homopolymerization and copolymerization of tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) and norbornene (NB) with nickel(II) acetylacetonate in combination with methylaluminoxane were systematically investigated. This catalytic system showed high activity toward the homopolymerization of both NB and tBMA. For these copolymerizations, activity was gradually lost with an addition of tBMA to NB or of NB to tBMA. This result was qualitatively explained with the trigger coordination mechanism. Furthermore, the determination of the reactivity ratios indicated a significantly higher reactivity for NB than for tBMA (r NB ϭ 4.14 and r tBMA ϭ 0.097), and this was interpreted by the coordination mechanism. The synthesized acrylate/NB copolymers exhibited glass-transition temperatures of 100 -250°C. The absence of crystallinity and the homogeneous repartition of the monomer units along the main chain yielded products with high transparency and high stability

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Section: Polymer Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Norbornene (NB) and its derivatives can be polymerized through ring-opening metathesis polymerization, 1,2 cationic polymerization, 3 and olefin addition polymerization. In the last case, the bicyclic structure of the monomer is retained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homopolymerization and copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate and norbornene with nickel‐based methylaluminoxane catalysts

Huang

Wang

Kuo

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…[2] An organic radical or aluminum-initiated mechanism leads to the less well known and less understood cationic or radical polymerization, which usually results in low-molecular weight polymers with 2,7-connectivity. [3,4] The third type of polymerization reaction, leading to opening of the π -component of the double bond, leaves the bicyclic unit intact. This is known in literature as addition or vinyl polymerization and this reaction was recently reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common metals in these catalysts are zirconium, titanium, chromium and the late transition metals cobalt, nickel and palladium. Generally, any of these metals need to be activated with a co-catalyst, such as methylaluminoxane (MAO) or B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 /AlEt 3 . [2] The use of nickel complexes in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene was first described in 1993; the catalysts were obtained by a reaction of the nickel allyl trifluoroacetate dimer with hexafluoro-or hexachloroacetone and did not need any cocatalyst to start the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene

Berding

Lutz

Spek

et al. 2010

Applied Organom Chemis

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Vinyl polymerized norbornene has some useful properties such as good mechanical strength, optical transparency and heat resistance. Several transition metal complexes have been described in the literature as active catalysts for the vinyl polymerization of norbornene. We now report the use of three types of nickel(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in the catalytic vinyl polymerization of norbornene under a range of conditions. Specifically, two nickel complexes bearing a chelating bis(NHC) ligand, two nickel complexes bearing two chelating anionic N-donor functionalized NHC ligands as well as one diiodidonickel(II) complex with two monodentate NHC ligands were tested. The solid-state structure of bis(1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)diiodidonickel(II), as determined by X-ray crystallography, is presented. The highest polymerization activity of 2.6 × 10 7 g (mol cat) −1 h −1 was observed using the latter nickel complex as catalyst, activated by methylaluminoxane. The norbornene polymers thus obtained are of high molecular weight but with rather low polydispersity.

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“…[1] Die vinylische Polymerisation von NB wurde ebenfalls eingehend studiert, [2] aber nur wenig ist über die radikalische/kationische Polymerisation bekannt. [3] Viele Katalysatoren früher und später Übergangsmetalle, einschließlich (Ansa-)Zirconocenen, wurden in der vinylischen Polymerisation eingesetzt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die mit diesen Komplexen katalysierte Copolymerisation mit Ethylen über eine cis-exoInsertion abläuft (Schema 2).…”

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Metallocenkatalysierte C7‐Verknüpfung in der Hydrooligomerisierung von Norbornen durch σ‐Bindungs‐Metathese: Einblick in die Mikrostruktur von Polynorbornen

et al. 2004

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Poly-2,3- and 2,7-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enes: Preparation and Structures of Polynorbornenes

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Homopolymerization and copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate and norbornene with nickel‐based methylaluminoxane catalysts

Homopolymerization and copolymerization of tert‐butyl methacrylate and norbornene with nickel‐based methylaluminoxane catalysts

Nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes in the vinyl polymerization of norbornene

Metallocenkatalysierte C7‐Verknüpfung in der Hydrooligomerisierung von Norbornen durch σ‐Bindungs‐Metathese: Einblick in die Mikrostruktur von Polynorbornen

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