Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene): effect of solvent and electrolyte on electrodeposition, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties

Yadav, Preeti; Naqvi, Sheerin; Patra, Asit

doi:10.1039/d0ra01436b

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…PEDOT is often spin‐coated with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) to form PEDOT:PSS, [ 8,9 ] but PEDOT thin films can also be fabricated by electropolymerization, [ 10,11 ] in situ chemical polymerization, [ 12–15 ] vapor phase polymerization (VPP), [ 16–19 ] and oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). [ 20–26 ] For PEDOT, the highest value of σ to date, 8797 ± 1178 S cm −1 , was reported by Cho et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Optoelectronic Properties of Face‐On Oriented Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) via Water‐Assisted Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition

Gharahcheshmeh

Robinson

Gleason

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Engineering the texture and nanostructure to improve the electrical conductivity of semicrystalline conjugated polymers must address the rate-limiting step for charge carrier transport. In highly face-on orientation, the charge transport between chains within a crystallite becomes rate-limiting, which is highly sensitive to the π-π stacking distance and interchain charge transfer integral. Here, face-on oriented semicrystalline poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films are grown via water-assisted (W-A) oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). Combining W-A with the volatile oxidant, antimony pentachloride, yields an optimized electrical conductivity of 7520 ± 240 S cm −1 , a record for PEDOT thin films. Systematic control of π-π stacking distance from 3.50 Å down to 3.43 Å yields an electrical conductivity enhancement of ≈1140%. The highest electrical conductivity also corresponds to minimum in Urbach energy of 205 meV, indicating superior morphological order. The figure of merit for transparent conductors, σ dc /σ op , reaches a maximum value of 94, which is 1.9× and 6.7× higher than oCVD PEDOT grown without W-A and utilizing vanadium oxytrichloride and iron chloride oxidizing agents, respectively. The W-A oCVD is single-step all-dry process and provides conformal coverage, allowing direct growth on mechanical flexible, rough, and structured surfaces without the need for complex and costly transfer steps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Optoelectronic Properties of Face‐On Oriented Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) via Water‐Assisted Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition

Gharahcheshmeh

Robinson

Gleason

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Furthermore, LiBF 4 (lithium tetrafluoroborate), TBABF 4 (tetra-nbutylammonium tetrafluoroborate), TBAClO 4 (tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate), TBAPF 6 (tetra-nbutylammonium hexafluorophosphate), LiClO 4 (lithium perchlorate), etc. have been used as supporting electrolytes [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Methods Of Synthesis Of π-Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of π-conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites for metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors

et al. 2021

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Owing to their extraordinary properties of π-conjugated polymers (π-CPs), such as light weight, structural versatility, ease of synthesis and environmentally friendly nature, they have attracted considerable attention as electrode material for metal-ion batteries (MIBs) and supercapacitors (SCPs). Recently, researchers have focused on developing nanostructured π-CPs and their composites with metal oxides and carbon-based materials to enhance the energy density and capacitive performance of MIBs and SCPs. Also, the researchers recently demonstrated various novel strategies to combine high electrical conductivity and high redox activity of different π-CPs. To reflect this fact, the present review investigates the current advancements in the synthesis of nanostructured π-CPs and their composites. Further, this review explores the recent development in different methods for the fabrication and design of π-CPs electrodes for MIBs and SCPs. In review, finally, the future prospects and challenges of π-CPs as an electrode materials for strategies for MIBs and SCPs are also presented.

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“…Surface modification of neural electrodes with nanostructured conductive materials can create a large active surface area, which enables neural recording/stimulation with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and provides multiple channels of electrical, chemical, and mechanical information at the subcellular level. , However, direct polymerization of conductive polymers from aqueous solution using Cl – , ClO 4 – , tetrafluoroborate (TFB), or sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as the dopant usually generates compact polymer films with limited active surface area. − To produce nanostructured conductive polymers, rigid or soft templates are usually required, which adds up the complicity of electrode fabrication and chance to incorporate unwanted chemicals. ,− The nature of the solvent has a great effect on the morphology, conductivity, electrolytic activity, and other chemical/physical properties of the electrochemically synthesized polymers. , Due to the low solubility of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in aqueous solution, organic solvents are frequently used to dissolve EDOT for the preparation of PEDOT coatings. , Chiang et al found that better electrical conductivity, electroactivity, and reversibility of ionic transfer could be obtained when a high-polarity solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), which enhances charge hopping in the polymer, was used during the polymerization of EDOT . Many studies have shown that conductive polymer films prepared from dichloromethane, a solvent having similar polarity to DMSO, exhibit a much rough surface with clusters of granules in a micrometer scale, no matter what kind of supporting electrolyte is used, while those prepared from water, propylene carbonate, ionic liquid, or other common solvents showed more compact and flat morphology. ,,, Besides the solvent, the supporting electrolyte also affects the morphology, electroactivity, stability, and the electrochromic features of conductive polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured PEDOT Coatings for Electrode–Neuron Integration

Zhang

Tian

Duan

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Neural electrodes have been developed for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke, sensory deficits, and neurological disorders based on the electrical stimulation of nerve tissue and recording of neural electrical activity. A low interface impedance and large active surface area for charge transfer and intimate contact between neurons and the electrode are critical to obtain high-quality neural signal and effective stimulation without causing damage to both tissue and electrode. In this study, a nanostructured poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating with lots of long protrusions was created via a one-step electrochemical polymerization from a dichloromethane solution without any rigid or soft templates. The nanostructures on the PEDOT coating were basically formed by intertwined PEDOT nanofibers, which further enhanced the active surface area. The fuzzy PEDOT-modified microelectrodes exhibited an impedance as low as 1 kΩ at 1 kHz, which is much lower than those produced from aqueous 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) solution, and it was comparable with PEDOT films or composites created from/ with template materials. Also, more than 150 times larger charge storage capacity density was obtained compared to the unmodified microelectrode. An in vitro biocompatibility test performed on PC12 cells and primary cells suggested that the PEDOT coatings support cell adhesion, growth, and neurite extension. These results suggest the great potential of the nanostructured PEDOT coating as an electroactive and biosafe intimate contact between the implanted neural electrode and neurons.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene): effect of solvent and electrolyte on electrodeposition, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties

Abstract: In this article, we report the effect of electropolymerization conditions such as solvent and supporting electrolyte on the redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties of PEDOS.

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Optimizing the Optoelectronic Properties of Face‐On Oriented Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) via Water‐Assisted Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition

Optimizing the Optoelectronic Properties of Face‐On Oriented Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) via Water‐Assisted Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition

A review of π-conjugated polymer-based nanocomposites for metal-ion batteries and supercapacitors

Nanostructured PEDOT Coatings for Electrode–Neuron Integration

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