Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multiwall carbon nanotube composite coatings for improving the stability of microelectrodes in neural prostheses applications

Zhou, Haihan; Cheng, Xuan; Rao, Li; Li, Tao; Duan, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.042

Cited by 79 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The charge injection limit of SWNT-doped polypyrrole was shown to increase 50 % over PSS-doped polypyrrole from 8 to 12 mC/cm 2 and retained 92 % of its capacity following stimulation testing [288]. MWNT-doped PEDOT demonstrated an over 200 % increase in charge injection limit compared to PSS-doped PEDOT, from 2.6 to 8.4 mC/cm 2 , and maintained over 97 % of its capacity poststimulation [292]. Each case demonstrated a substantial increase in electrochemical stability compared to non-CNT-doped-conducting polymer.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductive Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is also important to note that different final coating nanostructures can be attained by changing the size of the CNTs incorporated. Smaller CNT-doped PEDOT results in a typical cauliflower-like morphology following electrodeposition [292] (OD: <8 nm, length: 0.5-2 μm, Fig. 4.15d), compared to the open nanofibrous morphology using larger CNTs [294] (OD: 20-30 nm; length, 10-30 μm, Fig.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductive Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

Kozai

Alba

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology and Neuroscience: Nano-Electronic, Photonic and Mechanical Neuronal Interfacing

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This chapter explores the variability and limitations of traditional stimulation electrodes by first appreciating how electrical potential differences lead to efficacious activation of nearby neurons and examining the basic electrochemical mechanisms of charge transfer at an electrode/electrolyte interface. It then covers the advantages and current challenges of emerging micro-/nanostructured electrode materials for next-generation neural stimulation microelectrodes. Introduction to Electrical Stimulation of NeuronsStimulation electrodes have many clinical applications. The most common clinically approved stimulator is the artificial cardiac pacemaker, which is implanted into patients with a slow or arrhythmic heartbeat [1]. Artificial pacemakers use electrodes placed directly in contact with the heart muscles to regulate heart rate by delivering a timed series of electrical pulses. Another common stimulation device implanted into many adults and children is the cochlear implant [2]. Cochlear duct electrodes are designed as a series of stimulation contacts arranged along a flexible silicone carrier (Fig. 4.1a). These electrodes are placed into the cochlea where they directly electrically stimulate nerve cells, bypassing damaged hair cells that transduce acoustic vibrations into electrical impulses in the underlying nerve cells. (Fig. 4.1b). Electrical stimulation in these deep brain structures, such as the basal ganglia, has been used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease including tremor and bradykinesia, as well as other movement disorders such as dystonia [3][4][5]. In addition, DBS is being studied as a treatment for stroke, chronic pain, major depression, and chronic obesity [6-10]. For epilepsy and major depression, vagal nerve stimulation offers an alternative that does not require brain surgery [11,12]. In the extremities, functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to deliver electrical current to activate nerves or muscles in disabled patients. FES has been applied to aid in standing, walking, and basic handgrips and for restoring bowel and bladder function [13][14][15]. Many other electrical stimulation applications exist, including the restoration of somatosensation and vision, the treatment of hypertension and gastroparesis, and the promotion of nerve regeneration [16][17][18][19].While these neurostimulation devices have demonstrated some success in bypassing, replacing, or treating damaged neural circuits, they are far from being able to reliably restore natural function in all patients. In order to understand the variability and limitations of traditional stimulation electrodes, we must first appreciate how electrical potential differences lead to efficacious activation of nearby neurons and examine the basic electrochemical mechanisms of charge transfer at an electrode/electrolyte interface. This chapter will first lay out our current knowledge of these areas and afterwards will cover the advantages and current challenges of emerging micro-/nanostructured electrode materials for ...

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Section: Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductive Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductive Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

Kozai

Alba

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology and Neuroscience: Nano-Electronic, Photonic and Mechanical Neuronal Interfacing

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“…Indeed, CNTcoated electrodes have been shown to outperform traditional brain implants (tungsten and stainless steel electrodes) by improving electrical stimulation and recordings of neurons, both in vitro and in vivo [29,30]. CNT coating can also cause a decrease in reactive astrogliosis [27,28], the adaptive/defensive response of astrocytes to injuries such as a 'stab' wound due to electrode implantation leading to a scar formation that prevents the regrowth of damaged neurons, hence providing an opportunity for brain parenchyma recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors quantitatively analysed the GFAP intensity profiles of bare and PPy/SWCNT-coated Pt implants as a function of distance from the interface and showed that the intensity of GFAP immunostaining in the test group was significantly lower than in the control group along a length approximately 100 mm to the implant interface. A recent study by Zhou et al [28] also used Pt microelectrodes coated with CNTs for neural prostheses applications. The authors coated Pt wires with MWCNT-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composite films and implanted them into Sprague-Dawley rats with uncoated Pt wires as the control.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes As Strata For Astrocytic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

Gottipati

Verkhratsky

Parpura

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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0000-0003-2592-9898; VP, 0000-0002-4643-2197 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown much promise in neurobiology and biomedicine. Their structural stability and ease of chemical modification make them compatible for biological applications. In this review, we discuss the effects that chemically functionalized CNTs, applied as colloidal solutes or used as strata, have on the morpho-functional properties of astrocytes, the most abundant cells present in the brain, with an insight into the potential use of CNTs in neural prostheses. Carbon nanotubes as biocompatible materialCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their many desirable properties (size, strength, flexibility, conductivity, etc.) have shown much promise in biomedical applications, especially in neural prostheses. They are relatively inert and can be chemically modified using various functional groups depending on the application.CNTs are made up of a single sheet of graphene rolled into a cylinder. They can consist of a single cylinder of graphene, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), with diameters ranging from 0.4 to 2 nm, or of multiple coaxial cylinders, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), with their outer diameters ranging from 2 to 100 nm and inner diameters ranging from 1 to 3 nm, and lengths ranging from 1 to several micrometres; these coaxial structures can also assume an intermediate form, i.e. double-walled CNTs. CNTs are produced using a variety of methods, including electric arc, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition in the presence of catalysts, usually Fe, Ni, Co, Y or Mo, or their combinations (e.g. nickel and yttrium, typically, in approx. 4 : 1 weight ratio). Depending on the conformation of the carbon atoms in the graphene sheet, CNTs have three different configurations, which also dictate their conductivity: armchair, chiral or zigzag. All armchair CNTs are metallic, whereas chiral or zigzag CNTs can either be metallic or semiconducting (reviewed in [1,2]).To enhance the biocompatibility of the CNTs, as well as their dispersion in aqueous media, they can be modified via non-covalent or covalent attachment of molecules. A wide range of compounds such as DNA, proteins and lipids can be adsorbed onto the CNTs creating non-covalently functionalized CNTs. However, for a permanent attachment, the compounds have to be covalently linked to the CNTs. The most common way to do this is by incubating the CNTs with a strong oxidizing agent, e.g. nitric acid, which adds carboxyl groups to the ends of the CNTs or any defect sites. To obtain CNTs linked to other compounds, this carboxyl group can be converted to an acyl chloride intermediate, which can then be reacted with the compound of interest, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or poly-m-aminobenzene sulfonic (PABS) acid (reviewed in [3]). Astroglia: the homeostatic scaffold of the central nervous systemAstroglia are a highly heterogeneous population of cells of ectodermal (i.e. neural) origin that provide for homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) [4]. In the & 2014 The Author(s) Published by the ...

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“…Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have chemical stability, highly accessible surface area, unique structure, narrow distribution size, and low resistivity [9][10][11][12][13]. It has been shown experimentally that the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a polymer matrix improves the electric conductivity as well as the mechanical property of the original polymer matrix [14][15][16]. Oxytetracycline is one of the most common tetracyclines that are widely used for the treatment of infectious diseases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step electrosynthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-ortho-aminophenol composite film and investigation of its electrocatalytic properties

Ajami

Panah

2013

J Nanostruct Chem

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In this study, one-step electrochemical polymerization method was developed for the fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly-ortho-aminophenol (MWCNTs/PoAP) composite film to detect oxytetracycline. The fabricated nanocomposite shows good stability and enhanced electrocatalytic ability for the detection of oxytetracycline. The resulting composite can be used as electrode material in an electrochemical capacitor. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods have been used to characterize the MWCNTs/PoAP nanocomposite film.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/multiwall carbon nanotube composite coatings for improving the stability of microelectrodes in neural prostheses applications

Cited by 79 publications

References 51 publications

Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

Probing astroglia with carbon nanotubes: modulation of form and function

One-step electrosynthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly-ortho-aminophenol composite film and investigation of its electrocatalytic properties

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