Poly(3,4‐Propylenedioxythiophene) Capsulated Yolk–Shell Carbon Spheres for High‐Performance Electrochemical Capacitors

Abstract

In this article, the yolk–shell structure of resin‐based carbon spheres (YRFC) and the solid structure of resin‐based carbon spheres (SRFC) were prepared by condensation polymerization, and then novel spherical composites of poly(3,4‐propylenedioxythiophene)/YRFC (PProDOT/YRFC) and PProDOT/SRFC were obtained by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra (UV–vis), Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrochemical behavior of the composites were investigated with reference to their suitability as electrode materials in electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which were accomplished by a combination of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. The resultant PProDOT/YRFC composite showed ideal charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 327.5 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1, which is much higher than that of the materials of PProDOT/SRFC (298.1 F g−1) and PProDOT (180.9 F g−1). Furthermore, long cycle life was achieved with the optimized PProDOT/YRFC and the capacitance retention is 87.3% after 10,000 charge/discharge processes, which was attributed to its uniformly dispersible fluffy structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1989–1999, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

A poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)/carbon micro-sphere-bismuth nanoflake composite and multifunctional Co-doped graphene for a benchmark photo-supercapacitor

“…PProDOT/YRFC showed a SC retention of 87.3% after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles, owing to its uniformly dispersible fluffy structure. 53 Kim et al , reported ternary silver/manganese oxide/polyaniline (Ag/MnO 2 /PANI) thin films which exhibited a SC of 800 F g −1 and a cycling stability of up to 83% compared to the pure PANI polymer (66%). 54 A hierarchical N-doped porous carbon fiber@Cu (NPCF@Cu) composite based supercapacitor was reported by Hui et al , where a SC of 210 F g −1 was achieved by NPCF@Cu-10 higher than NPCF@Cu-0 (130 F g −1 ) and NPCF-10 (105 F g −1 ) at a discharge current density of 50 F g −1 .…”

Effect of supporting electrolyte on capacitance and morphology of electrodeposited poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivatives bearing reactive functional groups

“…The absorption at 1500 and 1384 cm −1 correspond to the CC and C–C stretching in the thiophene ring of PProDOT, indicating a successful polymerization. 107,108 It can be seen that dopant influences the position of the absorption band. Particularly, the ClO 4 − dopant shifts the corresponding characteristic absorption bands towards higher wavenumbers (C–O–C bond stretching vibration band; 1055 and 1173 cm −1 , C–S–C bonds vibration band; 777, 879, and 947 cm −1 , the CC and C–C stretching band in polythiophene ring; 1504 and 1323 cm −1 ) probably due to different interaction of electrolyte ions with the polaronic structure of the polymeric unit, and absorption intensity decrease.…”

“…The absorption at 1500 and 1384 cm −1 correspond to the CC and C-C stretching in the thiophene ring of PProDOT, indicating a successful polymerization. 107,108 It can be seen that dopant influences the position of the absorption band.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on 3D Wormlike PEDOT-PPy Polymer for the Sensitive Determination of Rutin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus

“…4A, 4D, and 4G) of these species can be deconvoluted in five or four peaks, being C-C/ C=C, C-S/C-N=C-N + /C-S + /C=C-O, C=N + /C-O-C, and π-π interactions. [36][37][38] The S2p spectra (Figs. 4B, 4E, and 4H) of these species can be deconvoluted in three or two peaks assigned to S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 (S + ), indicating that the S atoms have valencies of 2 and 1, which is in accordance with its structure.…”

“…4B, 4E, and 4H) of these species can be deconvoluted in three or two peaks assigned to S2p 3/2 and S2p 1/2 (S + ), indicating that the S atoms have valencies of 2 and 1, which is in accordance with its structure. 36,[39][40][41] The N1s spectra (Figs. 4C, 4F, and 4I) of these species can be deconvoluted in four peaks, being =N-, -N-H/-N-C, -N + -H, and =N + -H. [42][43][44] According to the XPS results and related literature, 37,45,46 the interactive forces, including H-bonding and Coulomb force between the two polymers and rutin, were likely to appear in the MIP electropolymerization process (Scheme 1).…”