Poly(3-hexylthiophene): synthetic methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Marrocchi, Assunta; Lanari, Daniela; Facchetti, Antonio; Vaccaro, Luigi

doi:10.1039/c2ee22129b

Cited by 208 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(137 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HH connection produces great steric hindrance and large dihedral angles in polymer backbone, leading to weak π-π stacking interactions and less ordered molecular packing in film. Using regioselective synthetic strategy, regioregular P3HT (rr-P3HT) with HT connection was obtained [29,30], and rr-P3HT with regioselectivity of over 98 % can be readily obtained from many commercial source. High regioselectivity is essential to achieve high mobility for P3HT [29,30].…”

Section: Recent Development Of Polymer Field-effect Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using regioselective synthetic strategy, regioregular P3HT (rr-P3HT) with HT connection was obtained [29,30], and rr-P3HT with regioselectivity of over 98 % can be readily obtained from many commercial source. High regioselectivity is essential to achieve high mobility for P3HT [29,30]. Furthermore, polymer molecular packing also affects the carrier transport.…”

Section: Recent Development Of Polymer Field-effect Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Introduction

Lei¹

2015

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Property Relationship Study of Polymer Field-Effect Transistors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Materials, energy, and information technology are widely considered as the three pillars of modern civilization. Materials science provides the basic platform for the exploration of new energy and the development of information technology, becoming one of the most important impetus for the development of human society. From the functional perspective, materials can be categorized into structural and functional materials. Structural materials are those that bear load. The key properties of materials in relation to bearing load are mechanical properties. They are broadly applied to construction, packaging, industrial production, etc. Functional materials display physical and chemical properties, such as optical, electrical, and magnetic proprieties which are of use. They are mainly used in high-tech industries, such as microelectronics, biology, and medicine. Because functional materials have played a key role in many cutting-edge technologies, they are currently becoming the core of materials science research. All materials are categorized as either organic or inorganic. For inorganic materials, atoms first form chemical bonds (e.g., ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond), and then form solid materials by arranging themselves orderly. Inorganic materials are stable and have exhibited a lot of electronic properties. Conventional inorganic materials such as silicon-based semiconductors have been well developed and become the basis of new energy and information technology. Reduction in size often does more than simply make things smaller. In the last two decades, inorganic nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional quantum dots, one-dimensional nanowires and carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional graphene, have experienced enormously growth. Apart from simply miniaturization, electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties will change significantly below certain size scale due to quantum confinement of electrons or Wannier excitons

show abstract

Section: Recent Development Of Polymer Field-effect Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recent Development Of Polymer Field-effect Transistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction

Lei¹

2015

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Property Relationship Study of Polymer Field-Effect Transistors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Highly regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in particular is commonly recognized as the most commonly used donor material [29,30]. The structure of P3HT is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Solution-processable Electron Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Photovoltaics

DeLongchamp

2015

Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic photovoltaics (OPV) describes a group of technologies wherein the active layer of a solar cell is composed of hydrocarbon-based organic materials [1][2][3]. OPV occupies a special niche among solar energy technologies in that it could potentially satisfy the growing energy needs of the world with a product that is sustainable, elementally abundant, and cheaply manufactured. OPV cells have recently seen a dramatic uptick in reported efficiencies, with power conversion efficiencies reaching ≈11 %, as shown in Fig. 6.1 [4,5]. These increases in power conversion efficiency have largely been driven by the development and discovery of new OPV active layer materials and new ways to process them. The technology has gained significant commercial attention over the past decade, as its unique attributes merit consideration for a place in the landscape of distributed energy generation devices [6]. Some of OPV advantages include a flexible form factor and facile processing, either from fluids or from vacuum deposition.At least two different device designs are often regarded as OPV technologies. The first is based on a solid-state OPV cell, having typically two organic semiconductors in a bilayer or distributed heterojunction arrangement. The second type, which will not be addressed in this chapter, is more typically called a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) [7], which relies on a mesoporous electron conductor that is typically inorganic, a sensitizing dye, and an ion-conducting redox electrolyte. Unlike organic heterojunctions, the DSSC contains liquid and thus faces challenges in packaging and limited flexibility.The first report of a solid-state OPV cell was as early as 1959, when a photovoltaic effect in ≈10-μm-thick anthracene crystals was reported [8].

show abstract

“…The P3HT can be ordered in three dimensions: conformational ordering along the backbone, π-stacking of flat polymer chains, and lamellar stacking between chains. All of these features lead to the excellent electrical properties of these materials [6,7]. Recently, many interesting reports on SqSD-processed polymer/fullerene OPVs based on P3HT and fullerene derivatives have been reported [4,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roughening Conjugated Polymer Surface for Enhancing the Charge Collection Efficiency of Sequentially Deposited Polymer/Fullerene Photovoltaics

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method that enables the formation of a rough nano-scale surface for conjugated polymers is developed through the utilization of a polymer chain ordering agent (OA). 1-Chloronaphthalene (1-CN) is used as the OA for the poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) layer. The addition of 1-CN to the P3HT solution improves the chain ordering of the P3HT during the film formation process and increases the surface roughness of the P3HT film compared to the film prepared without 1-CN. The roughened surface of the P3HT film is utilized to construct a P3HT/fullerene bilayer organic photovoltaic (OPV) by sequential solution deposition (SqSD) without thermal annealing process. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the SqSD-processed OPV utilizing roughened P3HT layer is 25% higher than that utilizing a plain P3HT layer. It is revealed that the roughened surface of the P3HT increases the heterojunction area at the P3HT/fullerene interface and this resulted in improved internal charge collection efficiency, as well as light absorption efficiency. This method proposes a novel way to improve the PCE of the SqSD-processed OPV, which can be applied for OPV utilizing low band gap polymers. In addition, this method allows for the reassessment of polymers, which have shown insufficient performance in the BSD process.

show abstract

Poly(3-hexylthiophene): synthetic methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Cited by 208 publications

References 176 publications

Introduction

Introduction

Organic Photovoltaics

Roughening Conjugated Polymer Surface for Enhancing the Charge Collection Efficiency of Sequentially Deposited Polymer/Fullerene Photovoltaics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About