“…This great potential is also now backed by a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the observed optical and electrochemical effects. Along these lines, new conjugated polymers, such as some poly(alkylbithiazole)s [27,113,114], polyanilines [115,116], oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene)s [117,118], poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene-alt-thiophene)s [119], poly(2,5-dialkoxy-pphenylenevinylene)s [120], and poly(benzimidazole-4,7-diyl)s [121], also exhibit some chromic effects and should therefore increase the possibilities for the development of optical (and, possibly, electrochemical) sensors. Moreover, the very promising results obtained with oligonucleotide-functionalized conjugated polymers and the possibility of a combinatorial approach (fabrication of micro-arrays) from noncovalent modifications of the side-chains open the way to the development of efficient DNA solid-state sensors [122] where the detection does not require any external electrochemical probe [123] or fluorescent tagging agent [124,125] but comes from the responsive substrate itself.…”