Poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels as semi-permeable membranes for an artificial pancreas

Schmitt, Bertrand; Alexandre, Eliane; Boudjema, K.; Lutz, P.

doi:10.1002/1616-5195(200209)2:7<341::aid-mabi341>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Micelle formation was confirmed unambiguously by surface tension and light scattering experiments. We made similar observations with α,ω-methacryloyloxy bifunctional PEOs macromonomers polymerized in water [7]. An example of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) determination of a bifunctional PEO macromonomer is given in Fig.…”

Section: Peo Macromonomer Polymerization 321 Preliminary Remark αsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The method of determination of the volume degree of equilibrium swelling of networks, Q v , has already been described in several recent publications [7,13]. Briefly, the relation to calculate Q v from the measured weight degree of equilibrium swelling Q w (Q w = (Weight dry gel + Weight solvent )/Weight dry gel )) is:…”

Section: Homopolymerization Of αω-Methacryloyloxy Peo Macromonomers Viasupporting

confidence: 45%

“…This result is in agreement with observations made previously [7]. The values can also be related to the length of the macromonomer-precursor chain: the longer the precursor chain, the higher the value of the degree of equilibrium swelling.…”

Section: Homopolymerization Of αω-Methacryloyloxy Peo Macromonomers Viacontrasting

confidence: 37%

“…A third approach to design PEO hydrogels has been developed over the years: free radical homopolymerization or photopolymerization of bifunctional PEO macromonomers [5,6]. The reaction is easy to perform and gives direct access to hydrogels in water [7] or even in physiological medium [8]. In such systems, cross-linking is achieved upon free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate units located at the chain ends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 43%

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From free radical to atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers in nanostructured media

Buathong¹,

Peruch²,

Isel³

et al. 2004

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Abstract-Polymerization of bifunctional α,ω-methacryloyloxypoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers was performed in water (or in organic solvents) via free radical or Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). Rapid cross-linking was observed when the reaction was conducted at 60 • C via classical free radical polymerization with potassium peroxodisulfate as initiator. ATRP also yielded hydrogels, but the system was much more complex. In both cases, the characteristics of the resulting hydrogels (amount of extractable material, equilibrium swelling degree and uniaxial compression modulus) were studied. They depend on several parameters (precursor molar mass, macromonomer concentration, polymerization time and nature of the initiating system). The hydrogels obtained by ATRP are characterized by higher amounts of extractable materials and exhibit rather poor mechanical properties. Regardless of the polymerization process (free radical or ATRP), far better results were obtained when the reaction was conducted in water. In fact, in aqueous media, the hydrophobic end-standing polymerizable methacrylic units of the macromonomers self-organize, after which gel formation takes place much more rapidly.

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Section: Peo Macromonomer Polymerization 321 Preliminary Remark αsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Homopolymerization Of αω-Methacryloyloxy Peo Macromonomers Viasupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Homopolymerization Of αω-Methacryloyloxy Peo Macromonomers Viacontrasting

confidence: 37%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 43%

See 2 more Smart Citations

From free radical to atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers in nanostructured media

Buathong¹,

Peruch²,

Isel³

et al. 2004

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…[6] Their synthesis by free radical polymerization of bifunctional macromonomers [7] has given rise to increasing interest since this approach is easy to perform, applicable directly in water, and nevertheless yields hydrogels with a controlled structure. [8][9][10] When macromonomers derived from hydrophilic polymers are copolymerized with hydrophobic comonomers, amphiphilic networks are obtained. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Therefore, as a result of the presence of the hydrophobic segments, amphiphilic networks may swell to a smaller extent in water than the corresponding homopolymeric networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Design and Properties of Degradable Networks Based on Free Radical Copolymerization of Poly(1,3‐dioxolane) Macromonomers with Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic Comonomers in Water

Sahli

Belbachir

Lutz

2005

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: Potentially degradable amphiphilic or hydrophilic copolymeric networks were synthesized directly in water by free radical copolymerization of α, ω‐poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDXL) macromonomers with vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, styrene or 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Since PDXL macromonomers behave typically as amphiphiles, the rates of copolymerizations with hydrophobic comonomers are much higher than those of similar reactions carried out in organic solvents. Therefore crosslinking in water takes place rapidly. Once swollen to equilibrium in appropriate solvents, the physicochemical properties of the amphiphilic (or hydrophilic) copolymeric PDXL networks were investigated. The volume degree of equilibrium swelling and uniaxial compression modulus strongly depended upon the macromonomer molar mass (and concentration), and also the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. Their solid state properties were examined by DSC and compared to those of homopolymeric PDXL networks.Amphiphilic PDXL conetworks synthesized directly in water by free radical copolymerization of bifunctional PDXL macromonomers with hydrophobic comonomers such as styrene or butyl methacrylate.magnified imageAmphiphilic PDXL conetworks synthesized directly in water by free radical copolymerization of bifunctional PDXL macromonomers with hydrophobic comonomers such as styrene or butyl methacrylate.

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Hydrogel Networks of Poly(ethylene oxide) Star‐Molecules Supported by Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes: Characterization, Biocompatibility Evaluation and Glucose Diffusion Characteristics

Alexandre¹,

Schmitt

Boudjéma

et al. 2004

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The present work discusses the grafting by electron beam irradiation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) star-shaped polymers onto porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EXPTFE) surfaces. The resulting materials are intended to combine the good biocompatible properties of PEO with the outstanding mechanical properties of PTFE. The star-shaped PEOs were synthesized via anionic polymerization. 3 Mev electron beam irradiation was applied to graft these PEO stars onto porous EXPTFE surfaces. The hydrophobic EXPTFE surface had to be pre-modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone. ESCA was used to quantify the amount of grafted star-shaped PEO. Unmodified EXPTFE surfaces are well known, when implanted in a body, to be rapidly covered by a layer of cells and fibrin. The EXPTFE coated with PEO were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rats (or under the back skin). This implantation did not induce any inflammation reactions and SEM analysis had attested the absence of adsorbed cells and fibrin. The glucose diffusion properties of these membranes were studied by a lag time analysis method and compared to those of pure PEO hydrogels. As expected, glucose diffuses through the hydrogel coated membrane and diffusion is not affected by the presence of the EXPTFE membrane.

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Poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogels as semi-permeable membranes for an artificial pancreas

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

From free radical to atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers in nanostructured media

From free radical to atom transfer radical polymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers in nanostructured media

Design and Properties of Degradable Networks Based on Free Radical Copolymerization of Poly(1,3‐dioxolane) Macromonomers with Hydrophobic or Hydrophilic Comonomers in Water

Hydrogel Networks of Poly(ethylene oxide) Star‐Molecules Supported by Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes: Characterization, Biocompatibility Evaluation and Glucose Diffusion Characteristics

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