Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin Hydrogel for Rapid Hemostasis in Severe Renal Arterial Hemorrhagic Model

Abstract

A unique facile process has been adopted for fast assembly of a poly(N-vinyl imidazole) cross-linked β-cyclodextrin hydrogel through microwave-assisted free radical polymerization, using N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) cross-linker. The copolymer possesses positive surface charge, one of the characteristic properties of an ideal hemostatic hydrogel. The functionalized imidazole-based hydrogel demonstrates rapid, superior blood coagulation kinetics under in vitro and in vivo conditions. On application to a major renal arterial hemorrhagic model, this hydrogel shows better blood clotting kinetics, leading to complete hemostasis in as few as ∼144 ± 7 s. Additionally, 350 μL of whole blood was clotted instantly, in ∼35 s, and therefore, reinforcing its hemostatic potential. The hydrogel demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, when seeded with human dermal fibroblast cells, retaining the native property of its predecessor. In addition, the hydrogel presents excellent hemocompatibility when tested with whole blood with the highest hemolytic ratio of 1.07 ± 0.05%. Moreover, it also demonstrates potential as a carrier for sustained release of an anesthetic drug, lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate (∼83% in 24 h). The rapid hemostatic behavior of the hydrogel is coupled with its cytocompatibility and hemocompatibilty properties along with controlled drug release characteristics. These behaviors evidently demonstrate it to be an excellent alternative for a superior hemostatic material for severe hemorrhagic conditions.

Amino Acid Inspired Alginate-Based pH Sensitive Polymeric Micelles via Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

“…The in vitro cell viability of Alg- g -p­(Gly-HEMA) at different concentrations as well as of cells drug loaded with Alg- g -p­(Gly-HEMA) was investigated using L929 cells with the MTT assay according to a previously reported methodology. , The detailed procedure is in the Supporting Information.…”

pH-Responsive Copolymeric Network Gel Using Methacrylated β-Cyclodextrin for Controlled Codelivery of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs

“…The in vitro antioxidant effectiveness of the β-CD-Meth-cl-(PHPMA- co -PAAc) hydrogel was assessed by determining the efficiency of the polymeric hydrogel to scavenge the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. , The detailed procedure is given in the Supporting Information.…”

Recent advances in various stimuli-responsive hydrogels: from synthetic designs to emerging healthcare applications

“…These involved the use of pH, 22 light, 23 temperature, 24 electrical 25 and magnetic fields, 26 chemical agents, 27 and ultrasound irradiation. 28 Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have extensive uses in the healthcare sector: for example, for biosensing; 29 as controlled/sustained drug carrier matrices; [30][31][32] in tissue and bone regeneration; [33][34][35] in bio-adhesives, 36 hemostats, 37 and shape-memory matrices; 38 in actuation 39 or in robotics. 40 The challenge for the development of stimuliresponsive hydrogels or nanogels is mainly to quantify the…”