“…As shown in Figure a, the strong signal of C 1s can be divided into C–C at 284.8 eV, C–N/C–O at 286.1 eV, and C=N/C=O at 288.2 eV, indicating the deposition of Thdz@COF-F additive and its participation in the tribo-film. The O 1s spectrum (Figure b) contains the peaks of C=O, C–O, and Fe–O located at 531.9, 533.2, and 530.5 eV, respectively, , implying the existence of iron oxides and the complex tribochemical reaction on the friction interface which involves Fe matrix, Thdz@COF-F additive, and O 2 . The Fe 2p spectrum is displayed in Figure c, which includes signals of ferric oxides at 709.4, 711.0, and 712.4 eV, ferric sulfate at 714.0 eV and ferric fluoride at 715.4 eV, , further revealing the composition of the tribo-film induced by tribochemical reaction in friction contact area.…”