Poly(Lactic Acid) Additives and Processing Aids

Sin, Lee Tin; Tueen, Bee Soo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814472-5.00008-x

Cited by 15 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The first one occurs at 4°C and corresponds to the T g of the PHBV phase, and the second one occurs at 60°C and corresponds to the T g of the PLA phase in the blend. Furthermore, it is expected that two endothermic peaks corresponding to the melting temperature of each component (PLA and PHBV) to be observed 32 . However, only one endothermic peak was observed in the blend and nanocomposites, which can be seen in the first heating DSC curves in Figure 3, possibly due to the proximity of the melting temperature ( T m ) of the two polymers, indicating that the T m of PLA and PHBV overlapped.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, it is expected that two endothermic peaks corresponding to the melting temperature of each component (PLA and PHBV) to be observed. 32 However, only one endothermic peak was observed in the blend and nanocomposites, which can be seen in the first heating DSC curves in Figure 3, possibly due to the proximity of the melting temperature (T m ) of the two polymers, indicating that the T m of PLA and PHBV overlapped. Therefore, it was not possible to determine the degree of crystallinity of each phase in the blend.…”

Section: Characterization Of Gnpmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the cooling, it was possible to observe two different crystallization temperatures (T c ), confirming the immiscibility between the biopolymers. 32 The lowest temperature corresponds to PLA and the highest to PHBV. 2 The addition of GNP did not significantly influence the values of T cPLA and T cPHBV .…”

Section: Characterization Of Gnpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antistatic and antimicrobial packaging ofPLA/PHBVblend‐based graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites

Oyama

Anjos

Morgado

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used as a filler for the preparation of antistatic and antimicrobial packaging based on biodegradable blends of poly(acid lactic)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) for the electronic components industry. These packages must have low electrical resistivity and mechanical resistance. The use of biodegradable polymers helps to reduce waste and the addition of GNP can also contribute to antimicrobial activity. In this work, the effect of the addition of GNP on the thermal, mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic properties, and antimicrobial activity of the PLA/PHVB blend was evaluated. PLA/PHBV (80/20) blends with the addition of 1, 3, and 5 wt% of GNP were prepared by melt mixing using extrusion and injection‐mold processes. The samples were characterized by mechanical tests (tensile test, and Shore D hardness), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis), impedance spectroscopy, electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE), antimicrobial activity, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. In general, the addition of GNP contributes to the increase in elastic modulus and Shore D hardness. The percolation threshold was obtained with the addition of 3 or 5 wt% of GNP in the PLA/PHBV blend with a reduction of 3 orders of magnitude in the electrical resistivity, which can be applied to antistatic packaging. All the nanocomposites exhibited antimicrobial activity, and the addition of 5 wt% GNP inhibited 86% of the growth of Escherichia coli. The PLA/PHBV blend‐based GNP nanocomposite with the addition of 5 wt% of GNP presents the best balance of mechanical properties, with low electrical resistivity, greater total shielding effectiveness of EMI SE, and antimicrobial activity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Characterization Of Gnpmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Antistatic and antimicrobial packaging ofPLA/PHBVblend‐based graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites

Oyama

Anjos

Morgado

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, besides its extensive advantages, PLA also has some disadvantages that are unfavorable for its processing and practical application. 1 Besides forming stereocomplexes, making composites, and blending, inducing cross-linking in the material is an important method to improve the thermal, physical, and mechanical performance of PLA products. 2−8 As a conventional method, polymers generally achieve crosslinking via chemical modifications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polylactide (PLA) is a kind of promising biobased material widely used in the medical, packing, and disposable item fields, as it is nontoxic, biodegradable, and environment-friendly. However, besides its extensive advantages, PLA also has some disadvantages that are unfavorable for its processing and practical application . Besides forming stereocomplexes, making composites, and blending, inducing cross-linking in the material is an important method to improve the thermal, physical, and mechanical performance of PLA products. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-Induced Alteration of PLA Chain Structure

Zhang,

Müller,

Boldt

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Cross-linked polylactides (PLAs) were produced by electron beam (EB) irradiation at 80 °C using different preset crystallinities (0 to 13.3%), without using crosslinking-promoting additives. Based on functional group conversion detected by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, molecular build-up mechanisms based on a two-stage chain recombination (from geometric T-type to H-type branching) were proposed for EB-induced cross-linking in additive-free PLA. Furthermore, EB-induced PLA crystallization has been discussed based on the combined evidence from morphology, crystallinity, and crystallization behaviors identified by polarized-light optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Several interpretations of the thermal property of EB-induced cross-linked PLA were presented from the point of view of chain scission and cross-linking in a coexisted system. The high irradiation dose obviously shifted the melting temperature (T m ) and cold crystallization temperature (T cc ) of irradiated PLA to a lower region than those of neat PLA. Moreover, the different preset crystallinities of the PLA starting materials did not lead to an obvious difference among irradiated PLAs with respect to T g , T m , T cc , and cross-link density, according to DSC and equilibrium swelling measurements.

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Recycling decommissioned polyamide 11: An approach to handle a previously unwanted material

de Albuquerque Dias,

Veiga,

Gomes

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyamide 11 (PA11) is a polymer used in flexible lines for oil prospection due to its properties. After the decommissioning of the lines, the materials used are discarded in landfills or left in the ocean. As developing a sustainable economy is of utmost importance, reusing these discarded materials would be a step in the right direction. This research focused on examining two kinds of PA11 previously used in flexible lines to see their properties changed compared to virgin PA11 and to infer if they can still be reused. Chemical, thermal, and mechanical analysis were employed to analyze the PA11 that came from the two oilfields and recycled ones that were hot pressed with an unused PA11 in a 50/50 wt% proportion. Results indicate that one of the oilfield samples was less degraded than the other one, which provided better mechanical properties, and the same pattern happened with the recycled samples, indicating that some properties such as viscosity, plasticizer content, and crystallinity need to be evaluated before taking in consideration the reuse (be it recycling or repurposing) of this type of polymers in consideration.

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Poly(Lactic Acid) Additives and Processing Aids

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

Antistatic and antimicrobial packaging ofPLA/PHBVblend‐based graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites

Antistatic and antimicrobial packaging ofPLA/PHBVblend‐based graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites

Electron-Induced Alteration of PLA Chain Structure

Recycling decommissioned polyamide 11: An approach to handle a previously unwanted material

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