Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends

Detyothin, Sukeewan; Kathuria, Ajay; Jaruwattanayon, Waree; Selke, Susan; Auras, Rafael

doi:10.1002/9780470649848.ch16

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 258 publications

(510 reference statements)

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“…PLA is a stiff and brittle material with mechanical properties comparable to polystyrene (PS) and is widely used in textiles, packaging, medical, and automotive applications. 3,4 Starch is one of the best candidate polymer pairs to blend with PLA whenever cost, renewable resources, and biodegradability are considered. 2 Blending of PLA with other polymers is one of the most cost-effective methodologies to tailor-make the desired properties of the blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blends of PLA with non-biodegradable polymers (e.g., polyolefins, vinyl and vinylidene chloride, elastomers, and rubbers), biodegradable polymers (e.g., polyanhydrides, aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates), and plasticizers have been extensively reported. 3,4 Starch is one of the best candidate polymer pairs to blend with PLA whenever cost, renewable resources, and biodegradability are considered. Starch acts as a nucleating agent, enhancing the crystallization rate of PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of molecular weight and grafted maleic anhydride of functionalized polylactic acid used in reactive compatibilized binary and ternary blends of polylactic acid and thermoplastic cassava starch

Detyothin

Selke

Narayan

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polylactic acid (PLA) was reactively functionalized with maleic anhydride (MA) and 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)22,5-dimethylhexane (Luperox 101 or L101) using a twin screw extruder (TSE). The effects of functionality (grafted MA level) and/or number average molecular weight of functionalized PLA (PLA-g-MA) as the reactive polymer pairs (binary blends) and reactive compatibilizer (ternary blends) were investigated. Due to the dominant side reaction during melt free radical grafting, polymer degradation or chain scission, PLA-g-MA having a higher grafted MA had lower molecular weights and intrinsic viscosity as well as broader molecular weight distribution values. The thermal, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of binary blends produced by using the TSE and injection molding at a ratio of 70 wt % PLA-g-MA and 30 wt % thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) were analyzed. The reactive blends having grafted MA more than 0.4 wt % had poor tensile strength and elongation at break. Similar trends in morphology and tensile properties were observed in the reactive ternary blends. The use of PLA-g-MA strongly impacted the elongation at break but not the modulus or tensile strength. An increase of PLA-g-MA's number average molecular weight (M n or M n ) improved the tensile properties of the blends. The reactive ternary blend having 0.1 wt % grafted MA on PLA and PLA-g-MA basis and PLA-g-MA's M n of 45 kDa offered the highest elongation at break.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of molecular weight and grafted maleic anhydride of functionalized polylactic acid used in reactive compatibilized binary and ternary blends of polylactic acid and thermoplastic cassava starch

Detyothin

Selke

Narayan

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Melt blending is a common technique for polymer modification or for blending of two or more polymers since it uses a conventional processing method with low cost. Blending poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with non‐renewable based polymers has been widely studied to improve the mechanical properties of PLA 1–4. Wang and Hillmyer investigated PLA/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blends and reported that the crystallinity of PLA had a significant effect on the toughness of the blends 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maleic‐Anhydride Grafting on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(L‐lactic acid)/Starch Blends

Hwang

Shim

Selke

et al. 2012

Macro Materials & Eng

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MA is grafted onto both PLLA and starch in an internal mixer in the presence of DCP in a one‐step reactive compatibilization process. The effect of maleation of MA on the physical and mechanical properties and morphology of the blends was assessed. The onset decomposition temperature of the PLLA/starch blends decreased as the starch content increases due to the lower thermal stability of starch and the low effect of the maleation reaction on the thermal stability of the blends. PLLA/starch blends without grafted MA showed higher crystallinity as the starch content increased. Reactive compatibilized blends with less than 20 wt% starch had higher storage modulus, indicating that the compatibility between the two phases was improved.

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“…Despite its great potential, PLA still has limitations, such as brittleness, slow crystallization kinetics, reduced service temperature range, high instability during processing where good melt strength is required, among others. There is a large amount of research dedicated solving these drawbacks in order to expand the application window and become a commodity or even engineering thermoplastic [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PLA/PA Bio-Blends: Induced Morphology by Extrusion

et al. 2019

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The effect of processing conditions on the final morphology of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) with bio-based Polyamide 10.10 (PA) 70/30 blends is analyzed in this paper. Two types of PLA were used: Commercial (neat PLA) and a rheologically modified PLA (PLA REx ), with higher melt elasticity produced by reactive extrusion. To evaluate the ability of in situ micro-fibrillation (µf) of PA phase during blend compounding by twin-screw extrusion, two processing parameters were varied: (i) Screw speed rotation (rpm); and (ii) take-up velocity, to induce a hot stretching with different Draw Ratios (DR). The potential ability of PA-µf in both bio-blends was evaluated by the viscosity (p) and elasticity (k') ratios determined from the rheological tests of pristine polymers. When PLA REx was used, the requirements for PA-µf was fulfilled in the shear rate range observed at the extrusion die. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that, unlike neat PLA, PLA REx promoted PA-µf without hot stretching and the aspect ratio increased as DR increased. For neat PLA-based blends, PA-µf was promoted during the hot stretching stage. DMTA analysis revealed that the use of PLA REx PLA REx resulted in a better mechanical performance in the rubbery region (T > Tg PLA-phase ) due to the PA-µf morphology obtained.

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Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends

Cited by 20 publications

References 258 publications

Effects of molecular weight and grafted maleic anhydride of functionalized polylactic acid used in reactive compatibilized binary and ternary blends of polylactic acid and thermoplastic cassava starch

Effects of molecular weight and grafted maleic anhydride of functionalized polylactic acid used in reactive compatibilized binary and ternary blends of polylactic acid and thermoplastic cassava starch

Effect of Maleic‐Anhydride Grafting on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(L‐lactic acid)/Starch Blends

PLA/PA Bio-Blends: Induced Morphology by Extrusion

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