Poly(norbornyl-NDIs) as a potential cathode-active material in rechargeable charge storage devices

Abstract

Two pendant-type naphthalene diimide (NDI) polymers bearing a polynorbornene backbone were prepared and their electrochemical properties explored.

N-Phenyl naphthalene diimide pendant polymer as a charge storage material with high rate capability and cyclability

“…This is possibly due to the fast kinetics giving cyclic voltammogram curves present serious peak overlap and the discharge/ charge curves present only one plateau. [7,25] The coulombic efficiencies (the ratio of discharging versus charging capacity) were over 98% for both polymers at lower C rates. The cyclic voltammograms of coin cells of 5 showed hardly any change in the current over 500 cycles, however, for polymer 6, a slight decrease in current was observed (see Fig.…”

“…There have been various efforts focused on increasing cyclability by introducing rigid aromatic groups, [3,4] insoluble salts, [5] and macromolecular materials. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Polymers can be designed to be insoluble in electrolyte solution while still retaining the high theoretical capacity (C theor ) of small molecules. As a result, polymer-based materials with carbonyl groups have gained popularity, such as anhydrides and quinones which have proven to achieve significant progress.…”

“…[21] backbone formed from ring-opening metathesis polymerization improves solubility of NDI for processing, by hindering molecular stacking. [7] The imide functionality for these polymers were aliphatic groups, which inherently increases the solubility of NDIs. Consequently, crosslinking of the polynorbornene backbone double bonds were required to prevent dissolution of the polymer in the electrolyte solution.…”

Recent Progress on Organic Electrodes Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors

“…A pendant-type naphthalene diimide-based polymer bearing a N-methyl group (N-methyl-N0-(50-norbornene-20-methyl) naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic diimide) delivered a capacity of 138 mAh g −1 at 5C, which suggested that almost all of the NDI moiety contributed to charge storage, and 96 mAh g −1 at 20C. Most of all, the capacity retention at 10C was 90% over 1000 cycles [176]. The electrochemical measurements were performed under nitrogen and with 0.1 mol L −1 tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate in CH 2 Cl 2 as the electrolyte.…”

Synthesis of Dimethyl-Substituted Polyviologen and Control of Charge Transport in Electrodes for High-Resolution Electrochromic Displays

“…Redox-active polymers have been attracting considerable attention as the key components of various energy-related devices such as charge storage devices, displays, memories, and solar cells due to their splendid electrochemical characteristics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In particular, electrochromic (EC) polymers represented by polyviologens, polythiophenes, and metallopolymers show high contrast accompanied with reversible redox reactions [ 3 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”