Poly(Propylene Carbonate), Old Copolymers of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide with New Interests: Catalysis and Material Properties

Luinstra, Gerrit A.

doi:10.1080/15583720701834240

Cited by 377 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…[ 52 ] Since the early advances during the 1960s, several highly active catalyst generations have been developed for alternating copolymerization of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide to produce high-molecular-weight polypropylene carbonates. [53][54][55] As expected for amorphous polymers with glass transition temperatures slightly above room temperature, most amorphous polypropylene carbonates are rather soft materials and are of interest as blend components with a low carbon footprint. Dihydroxy-terminated polypropylene carbonates are of special interest as a substitute for conventional polyester polyols in polyurethane synthesis.…”

Section: Polymers From Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dihydroxy-terminated polypropylene carbonates are of special interest as a substitute for conventional polyester polyols in polyurethane synthesis. [ 55 ] As illustrated in Figure 10, novel families of 100% bio-based plastics can be derived from citrus fruits and carbon dioxide. Extraction of orange peels is an industrial process for producing limonene oils, which are then oxidized to form mono-as well as difunctional epoxides.…”

Section: Polymers From Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Mülhaupt

2012

Macro Chemistry & Physics

604

415

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Dwindling fossil resources, surging energy demand and global warming stimulate growing demand for renewable polymer products with low carbon footprint. Going well beyond the limited scope of natural polymers, biomass conversion in biorefineries and chemical carbon dioxide fixation are teamed up with highly effective tailoring, processing and recycling of polymers. “Green monomers” from biorefineries, and “renewable oil”, gained from plastics' and bio wastes, render synthetic polymers renewable without impairing their property profiles and recycling. In context of biofuel production, limitations of the green economy concepts are clearly visible. Dreams and reality of “green polymers” are highlighted. Regardless of their new greenish touch, highly versatile and cost‐effective polymers play an essential role in sustainable development.

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Section: Polymers From Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymers From Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Mülhaupt

2012

Macro Chemistry & Physics

604

415

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“…However, none of the authors investigated the degradation of polycarbonates dissolved in an aqueous solution because of the insolubility and apolar character of common aliphatic polycarbonates [17][18][19][20][21][22]. In the respective works polycarbonates with special functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl or indene groups) were analyzed with respect to their depolymerization in organic solvents [23][24][25].…”

Section: Of 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Labile Surfactants Based on Poly(ethylene glycol), Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide: Miniemulsion Polymerization and Degradation Studies

et al. 2017

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Partially degradable, nonionic AB and ABA type di-and triblock copolymers based on poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(ethylene glycol) blocks were synthesized via immortal copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide, using mPEG or PEG as a macroinitiator, and (R,R)-(salcy)-CoOBzF 5 as a catalyst in a solvent-free one-pot procedure. The amphiphilic surfactants were prepared with molecular weights (M n ) between 2800 and 10,000 g·mol −1 with narrow molecular weight distributions (1.03-1.09). The copolymers were characterized using 1 H-, 13 C-and DOSY-NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Surface-active properties were determined by surface tension measurements (critical micelle concentration, CMC; CMC range: 1-14 mg·mL −1 ). Degradation of the acid-labile polycarbonate blocks was investigated in aqueous solution using online 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and SEC. The amphiphilic polymers were used as surfactants in a direct miniemulsion polymerization for poly(styrene) (PS) nanoparticles with mean diameter of 270 to 940 nm. The usage of an acid-triggered precipitation of the emulsion simplified the separation of the particles from the surfactant and purification of the nanoparticles.

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“…However, it has been difficult to find wide commercial application for polycarbonates obtained according to this process due to their low glass transition temperature and relatively poor mechanical properties. Recently, new catalysts such as cobalt complexes [4,5], zinc adipate [6,7] or a double metal cyanide complex [8] were investigated to improve the efficiency of copolymerization CO 2 with oxiranes. The main advantage of aliphatic polycarbonates similarly to aliphatic polyesters is theirs biodegradability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aliphatic-aromatic poly(ester-carbonate)s obtained from simple carbonate esters, α,ω-aliphatic diols and dimethyl terephthalate

et al. 2015

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Two reaction pathways for synthesis of high molar mass (M w above 50 000 g/mol) aliphatic-aromatic poly(estercarbonate)s were elaborated. Simple organic carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate or propylene carbonate were used as carbonate linkage sources and dimethyl terephthalate as the precursor of ester linkages. 1,4-Butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,10-decanediol were used as diol monomers. To adjust the carbonate units content in the copolymer, solid alkylene bis(methylcarbonate) was used as a semiproduct instead of volatile dimethyl carbonate. In case of usage propylene carbonate as a starting material the process can be carried out in one pot without the need for isolation of the semiproduct. The obtained copolymers based on 1,4-butanediol, containing ca. 50 mol.% of carbonate units exhibited better mechanical strength (37 MPa) than commercially available aliphatic-aromatic copolyester Ecoflex ® keeping the thermal properties at the same level.

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Poly(Propylene Carbonate), Old Copolymers of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide with New Interests: Catalysis and Material Properties

Cited by 377 publications

References 88 publications

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Acid-Labile Surfactants Based on Poly(ethylene glycol), Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide: Miniemulsion Polymerization and Degradation Studies

Aliphatic-aromatic poly(ester-carbonate)s obtained from simple carbonate esters, α,ω-aliphatic diols and dimethyl terephthalate

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