Poly(propylene)/organoclay nanocomposite formation: Influence of compatibilizer functionality and organoclay modification

Reichert, Peter; Nitz, Hansjörg; Klinke, Stefan; Brandsch, Rainer; Thomann, Ralf; Mülhaupt, Rolf

doi:10.1002/(sici)1439-2054(20000201)275:1<8::aid-mame8>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 437 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

348

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, incorporation of 10 wt% FH-C 16 into PP/PP-g-MA increased the tensile modulus from 1490 to 3460 MPa and of yield stress from 33 to 44 MPa. These results support Reichert et al 91 observations that organoclays with shorter than C 8 paraffinic chain leads to poorly performing micro-composites.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The work was continued by Reichert et al 91 who melt-compounded at T ¼ 190 to 2308C PP with 0, 5, or 10 wt% of FM pre-intercalated with primary ammonium ions (see Fig. 4), and with 20 wt% of PP-g-MA.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…91 Figure 5. PA-6 melt compounded with 1.14 wt% of organoclay: (from top to bottom) Cloisite 1 15A, Somasif MAE, and Lucentite SAN.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…90 The interlayer spacing increased from the Na-FM value of d 001 ¼ 0.95 to 2.4, and 1.7 nm respectively. Reichert et al 91 intercalated FM with protonated alkyl amines, namely butyl (C 4 ), hexyl (C 6 ), octyl (C 8 or OA), dodecyl (C 12 or DDA), hexadecyl (C 16 or HDA), and octadecyl (C 18 or ODA). The intercalation with these primary ammonium ions expanded the interlayer spacing from 0.95 to 1.98 nm (see Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Utracki

Sepehr

Boccaleri

2007

Polymers for Advanced Techs

382

252

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthetic, layered nano-particles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNC's)Utracki, L. A.; Sepehr, M.; Boccaleri, E.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=fr L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site Web page / page Web http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.852 http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=15774991&lang=fr LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en This review discusses preparation and use of the synthetic layered nanoparticles in polymer matrices, i.e., in the polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs). Several types of synthetic or semi-synthetic layered materials are considered, namely the phyllosilicates (clays), silicic acid (magadiite), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), zirconium phosphates (ZrPs), and di-chalcogenides. The main advantage of synthetic clays is their chemical purity (e.g. absence of amorphous and gritty contaminants, as well as arsenic, iron, and other heavy metals), white to transparent color that assures reproducibly of brightly colored products, as well as a wide range of aspect ratios, p ¼ 20 to £6000. Several large scale production facilities have been established. The synthetic clay and LDH industries are oriented toward big volume markets: catalysis, foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, toiletry, etc. The use of these materials in PNCs is limited to synthetic clays and LDHs, mainly for reinforcement, permeability control, reduction of flammability, and stabilization, e.g. during dehydrohalogenation of chlorinated macromolecules. The use of lamellar ZrPs and di-chalcogenides is at the laboratory stage of functional polymeric systems development, e.g. for electrically conductive materials, catalysts or support for catalysts, in photochemistry, molecular and chiral recognition, or in fuel cell technologies, etc. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: polymeric nanocomposites; nanoparticles; clay; layered double hydroxides; matrix POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007; 18: 1-37 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/pat.852 AUTHORS' BIOGRAPHIESDr Leszek A. Utracki was born and educated (up to Habilitation) in Poland. After the post-doctoral stage at USC in Los Angeles with Robert Simha he settled in Canada. His passionate research interest has been within the field of thermodynamics, rheology and processing of multicomponent, multiphase polymeric systems. During the 55 years in the profession he has published several hundred articles, book chapters, books, patents, etc., which has placed him on the ISI li...

show abstract

Section: Polyolefin Matrixsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…91 Figure 5. PA-6 melt compounded with 1.14 wt% of organoclay: (from top to bottom) Cloisite 1 15A, Somasif MAE, and Lucentite SAN.…”

Section: Polyolefin Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Utracki

Sepehr

Boccaleri

2007

Polymers for Advanced Techs

382

252

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After our success, a lot of researchers have started to study in these field and a huge number of research articles have been published. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] We expect that clay-based nanocomposite technology is grown into the universal method for high-performance materials from structural to functional ones extensively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

Katô

Usuki

Hasegawa

et al. 2011

Polym J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) was developed by Toyota CRDL group. In the NCH, the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and are strongly interacted with the matrix, and then significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material or the discovery of unexpected new properties were realized. Polypropylene (PP) is the most widely used polymer, and then an appearance of a PP-clay nanocomposite has been desired for a long time. As a PP does not include any polar groups in its backbone, it was thought that the homogeneous dispersion of the silicate layers would not be realized. But we have developed successfully PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP. That is, organophilic clay, PP oligomer carrying polar groups and PP were melt-blended. This is a direct polymer intercalation process for preparing polymer nanocomposites by melt compounding, a useful process from an industrial standpoint. We have also developed successfully other polyolefin polymers (polyethylene), polyolefin rubbers (ethylene-propylene elastomer, ethylene-propylene diene monomer) and nanocomposites by this direct polymer intercalation process or by techniques based on direct polymer intercalation process. These prepared polyolefin nanocomposites exhibit superior mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties. Polymer Journal (2011) 43, 583-593; doi:10.1038/pj.2011.44; published online 1 June 2011Keywords: clay mineral; nanocomposite; polyolefin; polyolefin rubber INTRODUCTION A nylon 6-clay hybrid (nanocomposite, NCH) has been developed, in which the silicate layers of clay mineral are dispersed on a nanometer level and strongly interact with the matrix. 1-3 Significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the material and the discovery of new properties also have been realized. Polyolefins (such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)) are the most widely used polymers, and there has been interest in the development of a polyolefin-clay nanocomposite. As polyolefins do not include any polar groups in the backbone, a homogeneous dispersion of silicate layers did not seem to be possible. However, the successful development of a PP-clay nanocomposite using organoclay and modified PP has been achieved. Nanocomposites of clay with various polyolefin polymers and rubbers have been developed. This report provides an overview of preparation methods and properties of polyolefin polymer/rubbers-clay nanocomposites.Montmorillonite (MMT) was used as the clay mineral in this investigation of polyolefin-clay nanocomposites. MMT composed of micro-sized particles formed from stacks of three-layer 'sandwiches' is most widely used. In these sandwiches, a tetrahedral sheet of silicon oxide is on both sides of a central octahedral sheet of aluminum oxide (a 2:1.clay). The plate-shaped layers are 0.96-nm thick and have an average diameter of about 100-500 nm, which represents filler with a significantly large aspect ratio. For comparison, a glass fiber of 13 mm in diameter with a length o...

show abstract

The influence of silicate modification and compatibilizers on mechanical properties and morphology of anhydride-cured epoxy nanocomposites

Zilg

Thomann

Finter

et al. 2000

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

Self Cite

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionEpoxy resins are well known as thermally and environmentally stable materials with applications ranging from adhesives to coatings and matrix resins of composites. Anhydride-cured epoxy resins are key components of electrical insulators. Important objective in epoxy resin chemistry is to improve the toughness/stiffness/strength balance without sacrificing processability, dimensional stability and electrical properties. [1] While microfillers are being used extensively to modify epoxy resin properties, the use of nanofillers is rather limited because of dispersion problems and viscosity build-up relating to strong interparticle interactions of nanofillers. [2] Moreover, nanofillers require special handling due to health hazards relating to inhalation problems. Therefore, it is a very attractive approach to generate nanofillers in-situ. For example, water swellable layered silicates are rendered organophilic via cation exchange of intergallery sodium cations for alkylammonium cations to produce much smaller intercalated and exfoliated nanoparticles. Such in-situ formation of organoclay nanosilicates was reported to afford unusual property combinations such as improved stiffness, strength, thermal stability, flame retardency, and barrier performance. [3][4][5] Although first attempts to exploit organoclay-filled epoxy resins [6] date back to 1965, remarkable progress has been made to tailor epoxy nanocomposite using various organophilic layered silicates. For example, Giannelis and coworkers [7][8][9][10][11][12] applied organoclays modified with bis(hydroxyethyl)methyldodecylammonium chloride in the presence Full Paper: Resin composition, silicate filler modification, and curing agents were varied systematically in order to improve the performance of anhydride-cured epoxy nanocomposites based upon organoclay. The filler component was fluorohectorite which was rendered organophilic by means of cation exchange of intergallery sodium cations for protonated alkylamines with chain lengths variable from butyl (C4), hexyl (C6), octyl (C8), decyl (C10), dodecyl (C12), hexadecyl (C16), octadecyl (C18) to 12-aminododecanoic acid (C12A). The alkyl chain length must exceed six C atoms to afford increased interlayer distances, accompanied by increased stiffness. Compatibilizer addition such as epoxidized and maleinated soy bean oil or dodecenylsuccinate afforded improved tensile strength without sacrificing stiffness and toughness. Morphology development, determined by means of transmission electron microscopy, and fracture behavior were examined. k:/3b2/jobs/eng/280/41_h.3d 26. 7. 2000 Hallal/Witte Young's modulus and tensile strength of nanocomposites containing 10 wt.-% of C12A compatibilized with DDS (wt.-% with respect to total mass of HY 925 and DDS) 42 C. Zilg, R. Thomann, J. Finter, R. Mülhauptof methylnadic anhydride-cured epoxy resin to achieve significant increases of stiffness at low silicate content of 4 wt.-%. However, the performance was found to depend on formulation components and cure conditions. A...

show abstract

Poly(propylene)/organoclay nanocomposite formation: Influence of compatibilizer functionality and organoclay modification

Cited by 437 publications

References 10 publications

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)

Development and applications of polyolefin– and rubber–clay nanocomposites

The influence of silicate modification and compatibilizers on mechanical properties and morphology of anhydride-cured epoxy nanocomposites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About